TE    WAKA    MAORI
O    NIU   TIRANI.
—————+—————
"KO  TE TIKA, KO  TE  PONO, KO  TE  AROHA."
VOL. 13.]PO NEKE, TUREI, HANUERE 9, 1877.                    [No. 1.
HE KUPU WHAKAATU KI NGA HOA TUHI MAI.
Tenei kua tae mai etahi moni mo te nupepa nei, hei tetahi
putanga o te Waka panuitia atu ai.
Taihoa nga reta e mahia atu.
TE UTU MO TE WAKA.
Ko te utu mo te Waka Maori i te tau ka te 10s., he mea utu
ki mua. Ka tukuna atu i te meera ki te tangata e hiahia ana
me ka tukua mai e ia aua moni ki te Kai Tuhi ki Po Neke nei.
TE WAKA MAORI.
———+———
PO NEKE, TUREI, HANUERE 9, 1877.
I TE tirohanga whakamuri ki te tau 1876 kua taha
ake nei, ahakoa he maha nga tikanga e kitea ana i
tetahi taha hei haringa mo te ngakau, tera ano etahi
tikanga kei tetahi taha e tika ana kia pouritia. He
maha nga take whakawhetainga e kitea ana i roto i
nga iwi e rua, ara mo to ratou noho pai, mo te
whakahoa o tetahi ki tetahi. E mau tonu ana te
rangimarietanga me te whakaaro pai o tetahi ki
tetahi, a i te mea e pahure haere ana nga tau e kitea
tonutia ana e raua tahi he tika kia whakarerea nga
tautohetohe noa iho a ka mahi tahi, nga Pakeha me
nga Maori, i nga tikanga hei tika mo te koroni katoa
atu.
Mo te taha ki te iwi Maori ake ano, he nui to
matou koa ki a ratou e ngakau-nui tonu nei ratou
kia akona a ratou tamariki ki te reo Ingarihi, kia
taea ai e ratou, e aua tamariki, etahi o nga matau-
ranga a te iwi Pakeha, kia whiwhi ai hoki ratou i te
rawa i roto i to ratou mahinga tahitanga i nga wa e
takoto ake nei. He tika kia akiaki tonu matou ki
nga Maori kia kaha ratou te tohe kia akona a ratou
tamariki. Me mahara hoki ratou kei te matauranga
o nga tamariki ki nga akoranga Pakeha tetahi tikanga
nui e whai oranga ai ratou a nga wa e takoto ake nei.
Ko a matou kupu enei i ki ai matou i tetahi Waka, i
nuia ai, ara,—" Ko nga matauranga i te iwi Pakeha e
tika ana kia akona ki nga tamariki Maori i tenei wa,
kaore he tino tikanga o aua matauranga e akona
ai ki aua tamariki mehemea ko nga takiwa Maori o
NOTICES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
A number of subscriptions have been received, which will be
acknowledged in our next.
Letters received must stand over.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
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payable in advance.   Persons desirous of becoming subscribers
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amount to the Editor in Wellington.
THE WAKA MAORI.
———+———
WELLINGTON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1877.
IN looking back on the year 1876, although on the
one hand we find much cause for congratulation,
there are on the other, it must he confessed, some
things to be deplored. We have much cause for
thankfulness in the social and physical relations of
both races to each other. Peace and good-will
between both continue to prevail, and, as year suc-
ceeds year, each realizes more and more how neces-
sary it is for the welfare of the colony at large that,
waving minor differences, Pakeha and Maori should
act in concert and co-operation together.
With regard to the Native race, more especially,
we notice with great satisfaction that they continue
to manifest an earnest desire that a knowledge o£
the English language should be imparted to their
children, so as to enable them to acquire some of the
information possessed by the Europeans, and be placed
in a position to derive profit from their future inter-
course with them. We cannot too frequently urge
upon the Natives the necessity of doing all in their
power to have their children educated. They should
remember that the future welfare of their children
depends, in a very great measure, upon the progress
they make in acquiring a European education. In a
previous number we said,—"The European education
which it is now necessary for the Maori youth to-
acquire would have been, comparatively speaking,

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
mua rawa, ara o nga tupuna ; no te mea he mea rere
ke noa atu nga ritenga me nga tikanga, me nga mahi
a nga tangata, i taua takiwa i to tenei e tupu haere
e nui haere tonu nei. I taua takiwa he mea whaka-
rato ki te iwi katoa tona oranga,e hara i te mea na
tana mahi ake anake ano i kite ai te tangata i te
oranga mona, engari e whakawhirinaki ana tetahi
wahi ki runga ki te kaha o te mahi a te iwi nui tonu
he oranga mona, tetahi he mea noa te oranga o te
tangata i reira ai, he mea takoto noa te mam. Ko
tenei, e horapa haere nei te matauranga ine te mara-
matanga ki runga ki te whenua katoa, e nui haere
nei hoki te Pakeha na me whakaaro nga tamariki
Maori ki te takiwa e takoto ake nei ara te takiwa e
iwi kotahi ai ratou ko nga Pakeha; ko te takiwa ia e
tika ai kia mohio aua tamariki ki nga ritenga me nga
tikanga me te reo o te iwi Pakeha, he takiwa ia e kite
oranga ai ratou, aua tamariki, i runga i tana mahi
ake anake ano, ia tangata, ia tangata. Ka kore e
rite to ratou mohio i reira ai ki to te Pakeha, ka
mahue ratou ki muri i te tauwhainga ki te oranga."
He pono ano ra, kua nui ano te mahi a nga Maori ki
te tautoko i te mahi whakaako i a ratou tamariki;
ara kua wehea atu e ratou etahi wahi whenua, kua
kohikohi moni hoki ratou, hei oranga mo nga kura i
hangaia ra e te Kawanatanga; otira he tika kia nui
atu i tena he mahi ma ratou. Me he mea ka waiho
nga moni me nga taonga e whakapaua ana e etahi o
ratou ki nga mahi haurangi me nga mahi rukeruke
noa atu hei moni hanga kura, hei moni oranga hoki
mo etahi kai-whakaako, na kua kore e kiia kaore he
tikanga e taea ai te whakaako i nga tamariki—penei,
kua whiwhi kura nga iwi katoa. Otira e kore e
matau nga tamariki i te hanganga kautanga i nga
whare kura, i te whakaturanga hoki i nga kai-wha-
kaako ; engari me haere tonu aua tamariki ki nga
kura, me tohe tonu ratou ki te mahi i nga akoranga
e whakaari ana ki a ratou. Ki te taringa hoi ratou
ki te haere ki te kura ma nga matua e ngare; kia
kaha hoki nga matua ki te tautoko i te kai-whakaako
kia rongo ai nga tamariki. Ki te kore e whakaritea
mariretia enei tikanga, he maumau noa iho te mahi
a te Kawanatanga me a nga kai-whakaako.
Tera hoki tetahi tikanga nui e tika ana kia korerotia
e matou, ara ko nga mema Maori i te Paremete. Ki
ta matou whakaaro kua kitea i runga i te te pai o te
ahua o ta ratou mahi i roto i te Whare he tika kia
whakamoemititia rawatia ratou, he tika kia mana-
akitia kia whakaponohia hoki ratou e nga tangata
katoa na ratou aua mema i pooti, ara i tuku ki
te Whare. E kore e ahei te ki i mahue i a ratou
nga tikanga e ora ai te iwi Maori, i mangere ranei
ratou ki te mahi i nga mahi nui i tukua mai e te
iwi hei mahi ma ratou. I mahi tahi i mahi mohio
hoki ratou ko nga mema Pakeha ki te whakahaere
tikanga hei painga mo te koroni katoa, a kaore he
tikanga i puta mai i te Kawanatanga e whai tikanga
ana ki te iwi Maori i kore ai e ata rapua e ratou.
Otira, ahakoa e pai ana enei tikanga i tetahi taha,
he tikanga ia e hari ai te ngakau, tera ano kei tetahi
taha e kitea ana etahi mea e whai tikanga ana ki te
oranga mo te iwi Maori kaore e pera ana te ahua pai,
engari he mea ia e pouritia ana. Te tuatahi, ko te
mahi haurangi. He pono ano ra ia kua tu nga
runanga Kuru Temepara i etahi wahi o te motu, he
tokomaha hoki nga tangata kua ora mai i te waha o
te Parata, otira he nui ano te mahi e toe ana. Kai
te nui rawa te rere a te iwi Maori ki. te kai waipiro,
ki te haurangi hoki. He tokomaha i hoko i o ratou
whenua, taonga ke atu hoki, kia whiwhi moni ai
ratou hei whakangata i to ratou puku kai waipiro,
muri iho tahuri mai ana whakahe ana ki nga ture, ki
te Pakeha hoki, mo to ratou matenga me to ratou
rawa-koretanga, na to ratou kuaretanga ake ano hoki
i he ai ratou. Ki te mea e whakaaro ana te iwi
Maori ki te oranga mo ratou ake ano me a ratou
useless in the olden days of Maoridom; because the
habits and customs and the social position of the
people were so different from what they are now be-
coming. In those days the people had everything in
common, and ia man's subsistence did not so much
depend upon. his own individual exertions as upon
the industry of the people as a whole: moreover their
wants were fewer and more easily supplied. Now,
however when civilization is making such rapid strides
over the land, and the Pakehas are increasing so
greatly, the Maori youth must look forward to a time
when they and the Pakeha race will be merged into
one people, when it will become necessary for them
to acquire a knowledge of the habits and customs,
and the language, of the Europeans, and when the
welfare of each one of them will depend ou his own
individual exertions. If their knowledge be not then
equal to that of the Pakeha, they will be left behind
it the struggle for existence." It is true that the
Maoris have done much to further the education
of their children; they have set apart portions of
Land and they have collected money towards the sup-
port of the schools which the Government has erected.
But they ought to do much more. If the money
and means which many of them too often squander in
drunkenness and dissipation, were applied to the
erection of schools and the support of teachers there
would be no reason to complain of the want of
means of education—every tribe might have its school.
But the mere erection bf schools and the appoint-
ment of teachers will not impart knowledge to the
young: they must attend the schools and apply
themselves diligently to their lessons; if they fail to
do so the parents should force them to attend school,
and should also uphold the authority of the teacher
by every means, in their power. Unless these con-
ditions be fulfilled, the efforts of the Government
and the teachers will avail but little.
There is another subject of importance to which
we desire to refer, and that is the Native members
in Parliament. We think they have proved by their
conduct in the House that they are deserving of the
highest commendation, and that they are entitled to
the respect and confidence of their respective con-
stituencies. It cannot be said that they have been
in any way neglectful of the interests of the Native
people, or remiss in the. performance of the important
duties intrusted to them. They worked well and
intelligently in concert with the European members
for the general good of the country, and no measure
affecting the interests of the Native race was ever
introduced by the Legislature without receiving
their, earnest attention.
Whilst, however, on the one hand, these things
are to a great extent satisfactory, on the other, there
are matters affecting the well-being of the Natives as
a people which, we regret to say, do not present so
cheering an aspect. And first and foremost stands
the vice of drunkenness. It is true that in several
parts of the colony Good Templar lodges have been
established among the Natives, and many have been
rescued from the " mouth of the Parata," yet very
much remains to be done. The Maoris as a people
are by far too much addicted to habits of intem-
perance. Many have sold their lands and other pos-
sessions simply for the purpose of gratifying their
passion for strong drink, and then they have turned
round and blamed the laws and the Pakehas for the
state of poverty and destitution to. which they have
reduced themselves by their own folly. If the.Native people have any regard for the welfare of themselves

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
tamariki, me tino whakarere rawa ratou i te. mahi kai
waipiro— ko te iwi haurangi e kore rawa e kite i te
whairawatanga. Kua tinitini noa o te iwi Pakeha

kua rawa-kore kua he noa iho i te mahi kai waipiro
he mano, tini, nga tamariki hara-kore,. ngoi-kore, u a
ratou kua he noa iho kua mate rawa i  te hemokai i
te mahi haurangi a o ratou matua. Kua kite matou
i nga mate me nga mamae nui a te waipiro i homai ai
ki roto ki. te iwi Pakeha, no konei matou ka ki atu
ki nga Maori kia tupato, kia tupato i te wa e ora aria
ano koutou, kei. tae ki te waha o te Parata ko tona
ngaronga tena e ngaro ai. He tokomaha nga tangata
whai mahara o te iwi Maori, e hiahia nui ana kia
hoki katoa te iwi ki te karakia o te Karaiti; na ko
aua tu tangata kia kaha katoa ratou ki te whakaora
i o ratou hoa Maori i te mate kai-waipiro, a ki te
taea e ratou tena, ko te hikoinga tuatahi tena ki te
tapu o te pono — kaore he tikanga whakapono ki te
kore e mahue te mahi haurangi.
Tetahi mate mo te iwi Maori, ko ta ratou wha-
karerenga i nga mahi ahu whenua, nga mahi e tika ai
ratou. He mea tena e tika ana kia pouritia nuitia.
I nga ra o mua i kitea i roto i a ratou nga tohu o te
ora, ara nga tohu e kiia ai hei iwi. mamahi ratou hei
iwi whairawa; na nga utu o nga mahi a o ratou
ringa i rite ai ma ratou he hoiho, he kau mahi, he
parau whenua me nga mea ahu whenua katoa, i oti
ai hoki i a ratou nga mira paraoa te hanga, me nga
whare karakia. He maha a ratou kaipuke e kawe-
kawe ana i a ratou kai ki nga taone Pakeha hei hoko-
hoko ina ratou, a riro nui ana he rawa ma ratou i
taua mahi hokohoko — ara he iwi ratou i reira ai i
nui atu te ora me te ngahau o ratou i to tenei takiwa,
i nui atu hoki te matau.
Tera te korero kei roto i te Niu Zealander, nupepa
no Akarana, o te 27 o  Hanuere, 1855, e whakaatu
ana i te mahi uta kai i runga i nga waka Maori i
taua takiwa, haunga nga kaipuke Maori e rere ana i
te akau.    Koia tenei taua korero, ara, — " I ta matou
nupepa o te 13, ka kitea ko nga pukapuka huihui o
nga utu 6 nga kai o nga marama e toru i mutu i te
30 o Hepetema (ara nga kail kawea ki Akarana i
runga i nga   waka Maori i taua wa) ko nga moni
enei i kitea £4,580 9s.    Ko nga moni i huihuia i te
mutunga o Tihema 31 i taua wa, koia enei, £3,159
8sl. 6d.    Timata i te 1 o Oketopa tae noa ki te 31 o
Tihema, ko nga waka i u mai ki Akarana 328, ko
nga tane o runga 1,082 ; ko nga wahine, 480 ; ko
nga utanga koia enei — 380 kete riwai ;  156  kete
aniana; 149 kete kaanga ; ,4 kete kumara ; 232 kete
puka; 5 kete muka ; 2,452 paihere tarutaru ; 351½
tana wahie ; 21 3/4 tana ika; 130 poaka; 111 heihei;
48 puhera witi ; 64 kete tio ; 39 tana kapia — ko nga
utu o enei mea, hui katoa ka £2,343. 12s. 4d.
"I taua wa ano ka u ake ki Onehunga 71 nga
waka Maori; nga tane  o runga 174; nga  wahine
• 71 ; ko nga utanga 184½ tana wahie ; 112 pauna ika ;
107 poaka; 8 tana paraoa  13½ tana kapia; ko nga
utu o enei, mea i £816 8s. 6d. Na, kia rongo te
tangata, kaore i tuhia nga utanga kaipuke, me nga
mea taritari noa mai, ki roto ki enei korero. He
tini hoki nga iwi e ngaki ana i te kai, a e pikauria
mai aua ki Akarana. . Ko nga utu o nga kai katoa i
tukua mai ki Akarana, ki Onehunga, i runga i nga
waka Maori i te tau 1852 koia enei £6,460 18s.  i
te tau 1853, £11,734 5s; i te tau 1854, £16,181
13s. 4d. Kei konei rawa te tohu o te kakenga haere-
tanga o te tangata Maori, me tona whakaaro mohio."
Ko nga moni o nga utanga o nga kaipuke Maori i
taua takiwa tera e pera ano te nui; na, ka waiho i
tena, ka £12,921 16s. mo te tau. 1852; ka £23,468
10s. mo te tau 1853 ; ka £32,363 6s. 8d. mo te tau
1854, te utu o nga koi Maori katoa i kawea atu i te
akau ki Akarana anake ano i roto i ena tau. E
mahara ana matou kaore e pera ana i enei ra nga
and their children they will abjure drinking habits
altogether—it is utterly impossible that a drunken
people can be a prosperous people. Intemperate
habits have ruined hundreds of thousands of Pake-
has ; the drunkenness of parents has brought misery
and starvation upon thousands of innocent and help-
less children. We know the suffering which drunken-
ness has produced in our own race, and therefore we
say to the Maoris, Be warned in time. Drunkenness,
as regards the Maoris, means utter extinction. Many
of the more intelligent of the Natives express a
strong desire to see the people return to the religion
of Christ: let all such exert themselves to reclaim
their fellow-countrymen from intemperance, and, if
they succeed in doing so, the first step to holiness
will have been gained—there can be no righteous-
ness without sobriety.
Another source of danger to the Maori people is
their neglect of agricultural pursuits. This is much
to be regretted. In the " olden time " they bid fair
to become an industrious and prosperous people;
with the proceeds of their labour they were enabled
to purchase horses and teams of bullocks, agricul-
tural implements, and to erect flour-mills and
churches. They were the owners of many coasting
vessels, which conveyed their produce to the European
towns and enabled them to carry on a profitable trade
with their Pakeha brethren; and, in every respect,
they were a healthier, a happier, and a wiser people
than they are now.
The New Zealander of the 27th of January, 1S55,
speaking of the Native canoe-trade alone, irrespective
of that carried on by Native coasting vessels, says,—
" A, reference to our issue of the 13th instant will
show that the returns for the quarter ended the 30th
September amounted to £4,580 9s. Those for the
quarter ending 31st December are declared to have
been of the value of £3,159 8s. 6d. From the 1st
of October to the 81st of December, there arrived in
Auckland 328 canoes, navigated by 1,082 males and
48,0 females, and laden with the following produce :—
380 kits potatoes, 156 kits onions, 149 kits maize,
4 kits kumaras, 232 kits cabbage, 5 kits flax, 2,452
bundles of grass, 351½ tons of firewood, 21 3/4 tons
fish, 130 pigs, 111 fowls, 48 bushels wheat, 64 kits
oysters, 39 tons kauri gum, of the estimated value of
£2,343 12s. 4d.
" During the same period there arrived at One-
hunga 71 canoes, navigated by 174 males and 71
females, and laden with 184½ tons firewood, 1 cwt.
fish, 107 pigs, 8 tons flour, 13½. tons kauri gum, of
the value of £816 8s. 6d.
" It is requisite to state that these returns neither
include produce conveyed by coasting vessels, or
back-borne into Auckland by numerous Native tribes
employed in agricultural pursuits in the vicinity of
the capital. The total declared value of produce
brought by canoes to Auckland and Onehunga
during the year 1852 was estimated to amount to
£6,460 18s.; the same in 1853, £11,734 5s.; the
same in 1854, £16,181 13s. 4d. This is indeed the
best proof of Maori civilization and intelligence."
We may suppose that the value of the produce
conveyed by the Native coasting vessels amounted to,
at least, as much more, which would give, for the
year 1852, £12,921 l6s. ; for the year 1853, £23,468
10s. ; and for the year 1854, £82,3653 6s. 8d.. the
total value of Native produce conveyed from the coast
into Auckland alone during those years. We fear

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
" tohu o te kakenga haeretanga o te tangata Maori,
me tona whakaaro mohio." Tena oti—e pewhea ana
koia te ahua? Kaore ra hoki ratou e mahi ana i
nga mahi ahu-whenua e whai-rawa ai e ora ai ratou ;
engari he tokomaha o ratou e maumau ana i o ratou
ra ki nga mahi hanga noa iho, ki te mahi amuamu
noa hoki ki nga mate hanga noa na te whakaaro; ko
etahi tangata ngakau whakararuraru tikanga e ha-
ereere tonu ana i te motu kauwhau haere ai ki nga
tikanga o te motu, whakahe ai ki nga ture, kiia ana
nga ture e aua tu tangata, he mea peehi i te iwi
Maori kia mate, a ko ta ratou mahi tonu he whaka-
kiki i nga iwi e whakarongo ana ki a ratou kia tupu
ai te pouri o te tangata me te ngakau kino ; heoi te
take i pena ai ratou, he mea kia puta ai to ratou
rongo, ara kia kake ratou i roto i nga iwi—a e mohio-
tia ana e te whakaaro ko etahi tangata whakawai o
te iwi Pakeha e whakahau ana i aua tangata kia pera
he mahi ma ratou.
Kaore he takiwa tuwhera o te nupepa nei, kaore
hoki matou e watea ana, e tino tahuri ai matou
inaianei ki te ata korero i taua mahi; engari ko te
tino hiahia o te Kawanatanga o mua iho, e mea ana
kia ora tonu nga Maori hei iwi ki te ao nei, a kia
horahia ki runga ki a ratou nga tikanga me nga
oranga katoa e mau ana i nga tangata katoa a te
Kuini.   E ki nui atu ana matou kaore rawa he iwi
tangata whenua o etahi atu motu i ata whakaarohia
pena me te iwi Maori e whakaarohia nei e arohaina
nei.   Kua mea tonu te Kawanatanga a te Kuini i
Niu Tirani nei he tika kia araia atu i nga tangata
whenua o enei motu nga mate pera me era i pa ki etahi
atu iwi tangata whenua ina whakaekea o ratou kainga
e nga iwi Pakeha o luropi (Oropi, ki ta te Maori
tana ki)—tera hoki e whakakitea e matou i etahi
putanga o te Waka nga tohu o taua whakaaro pai a
te Kawanatanga.   Ko nga kupu enei a Kawana Koa
Paraone i korero ai ki nga rangatira Maori i hui ki
Waitemata Akarana, i te 10 o Hurae, 1860, ara;—
"He kupu tenei me korero nui atu e au ki a
koutou.    Kia rongo mai koutou;  ko Niu Tirani
anake te whenua noho e te Pakeha i waiho tonu ai i
te atawhai te tikanga ki nga tangata whenua.   Ko
Niu Tirani anake te whenua noho e te Pakeha i
karangatia ai nga tangata whenua kia uru tahi ki te
Pakeha hei iwi kotahi, hei noho tahi ki raro i te ture
kotahi.    Kei etahi whenua, waiho ana nga tangata
whenua kia motuhake atu ana hei iwi ke.    He tini
nga he kua tupu i runga i tenei tikanga.    Noho ana
a, na te aha ra, kua ngangare, muri iho kua maringi
te toto, a, tona tukunga iho, ko nga tangata whenua
kua pau, kua whakangaromia.   Ko titiro nga tangata
whakaaro nui, whakaaro pai, i Ingarangi, ka mea
ratou e he ana te tikanga pera ki nga   tangata
whenua, e tika ke ana hoki i te Whakapono.    Wha-
kapuakina ana o ratou whakaaro mo tenei mea ki te
Runanga Nui o Ingarangi, na ka mea nga tino kai-
whakatakoto whakaaro o te Kuini kia whakaputaia
ketia te tikanga ki nga tangata whenua o nga motu
katoa e nohoia ana e o Ingarangi tangata.    Ko Niu
Tirani te whenua tuatahi kua nohoia i runga i tenei
tikanga hou, whakaora tangata.    Ko te whakaora
nui mo te iwi Maori me awhi mai ki tenei tikanga
atawhai, ma kona hoki ora ai ratou i nga he kua tau
ki runga ki etahi iwi kihai i pera me ratou te waimarie.
Na to koutou awhitanga mai e Te Kuini hei tamariki
mana, na konei i kore rawa ai e ahei te iwi Maori te
pana he i runga i tona whenua, tona taonga ranei te
tango pokanoa.    He wahi no te iwi o Ingarangi nga
tangata Maori katoa, tenei tangata tenei tangata, a,
tona kai-tiaki, koia ko taua ture tahi e tiakina nei
tona hoa tangata o Ingarangi.    Ko te take hoki
tenei i rite ai nga kupu mo te rangimarie mo te pai
kua korerotia ki a koutou e nga Kawana katoa, ara,
ko koutou e tirohia mai ana e te Kuini he taha no
tona iwi ake.    No konei i meatia ai ko tona tino
such "proofs of Maori civilization and intelligence "
do not exist in the present day. What is the fact ?
Instead of applying themselves to agriculture and
other industrial occupations, whereby they might
enrich themselves, many of them spend their days in
idle pursuits, and in murmuring and complaining
about imaginary grievances; factious orators, for
the sake of acquiring popularity, travel about the
country delivering political lectures, denouncing the
laws as oppressive to the Maori people, and exciting
discontent and disaffection among such of the tribes
as are inclined to listen to them—and, it is to be
feared, they are often encouraged in this course by
designing persons among the Europeans.
We have not space, or time, to go fully into this
subject at present, but it is, and always has been,
a matter of solicitude to the Govermnent that the
Maoris should be preserved as a people, and that the
rights and privileges of British subjects should be
imparted to them. We say honestly that no aboriginal
race of any other country has ever been treated with so
much consideration and kindness as have been shown
to the Maoris. Her Majesty's Government in New
Zealand has always recognized the duty of endeavour-
ing by all practical means to avert from the Native
people of these islands such disasters as have fallen
upon uncivilized nations on being brought into con-
tact with colonists from the nations of Europe, as
we hope to be able to show in future issues. Go-
vernor Gore Browne, in addressing Maori chiefs
assembled at Waitemata, Auckland, on the 10th of
July, 1860, said,—
" I may frankly tell you that New Zealand is the
only colony where the aborigines have been treated
with unvarying kindness.     It is the  only colony
where they have been invited to unite with the
colonists, and to become one people under one law.
In other colonies the people of the land have re-
mained separate and distinct, from which many evil
consequences have ensued.    Quarrels have  arisen;
blood has been shed, and finally the aboriginal people
of the country have been driven away or destroyed.
Wise and good men in England considered that such
treatment of aborigines was unjust, and contrary to
the principles  of Christianity.   They brought the
subject before the British Parliament, and the Queen's
Ministers advised a change of policy towards the
aborigines of all English colonies.    New Zealand is
the first country colonized on this new and humane
system.    It will be the wisdom of the Maori people
to avail themselves of this generous policy, and thus
save their race from evils which have befallen others
less favoured.    It is your adoption by Her Majesty
as her subjects which makes it impossible that the
Maori people should be   unjustly  dispossessed of
their lands or property.    Every Maori is a member
of the British Nation ; he is protected by the same
law as his English fellow-subject; and it is because
you are regarded by the Queen as a part of her own
especial people that you have heard from the lips of
each successive Governor the same words of peace
and goodwill.    It is therefore the height of folly for
the New Zealand tribes to allow themselves to be
seduced into the commission of any act which, by
violating their allegiance to the Queen, would render
them liable to forfeit the rights and privileges which
their position as British subjects confers upon them,
and which must necessarily entail upon them evils
ending only in their ruin as a race."

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
mahi poauau tenei kia tahuri nga iwi o Niu Tirani ki
te whakawai mo ratou, kia anga ki etahi mahi e mutu
ai to ratou piri ki a te Kuini, kia wehea hoki, na, kua
kore nga tikanga e whakawhiwhia nei ratou inainaei
i runga i te hononga ki te iwi o Ingarangi, tona
tukunga iho, ko nga tini kino ka tau ki runga ki te
iwi Maori, a te heenga e he ai."
Ta matou kupu ki nga Maori o enei rangi, me ata
whakaaro ratou ki aua kupu a Kawana Paraone—no
te mea he kupu tika aua kupu, he kupu pono.
Kua whakarerea e Ta Tanara Makarini, i te tau
kua taha nei, tana mahi Minita mo te taha Maori; te
take, he mate, he mate kino rawa. He tino hoa
pumau ia no te iwi Maori o mua iho, tana mahi tonu
he whai ki te oranga me te tika mo ratou; a ki te
mea ka tohungia ia e te Atua Nui, te Kai-whaka-
haere i nga mea katoa, tera ia e whakaaro nui tonu,
i a ia e noho ana i tahaki, ki nga tikanga katoa e ora
ai nga Maori, e kake ai hoki ratou ki runga. Ko
tenei, ahakoa kua mahue i a ia tona mahi Kawana-
tanga, me mohio rawa o matou hoa Maori ko te ahua
o te whakaaro me nga tikanga o te Kawanatanga e
tu nei ki te iwi Maori ka pena tonu te ahua aroha me
te whakaaro pai me to Ta Tanara Makarini.
Ta matou kupu ki o matou hoa Maori, kaua ratou
e whakaaro he puku kowhetewhete no matou i puta
ai i a matou nga kupu whakahe i runga ake nei;
heoi ta matou i whakaaro ai, ara kia korero matou i
etahi kupu pono e tika ai ratou, a e mea ana matou
tera ano e whakarangona a matou kupu.
Te kupu whakamutunga—ko ta matou e hiahia
ana, kia noho o matoa hoa, nga Maori me nga
Pakeha, i runga i te ngakau-hari me te whai-rawa-
tanga i tenei tau hou, i te timatanga tae noa ki te
mutunga.
TE PAREMETE.
TENEI ka mahia atu ano e matou ta matou whakaatu
i nga mahi a te Paremete me nga whai-korero a nga
mema Maori—ara he roanga iho no tera i panuitia i
te Nama 22.
TE WHARE I RARO.
PARAIREI, 20TH OKETOPA, 1876.
PIRE MO NGA MAHI NUNUI.
Ko te RIHITANA i mea kia panuitia tuaruatia taua
Pire.    I ki ia ko te whakaaro tuatahi mo taua Pire
i mahia ai, hei Pire hui kau ia i nga Pire katoa i
meatia mo nga mahi Nui o te motu me nga Rerewe
kia kotahi ai; muri iho ka kitea he mea tika kia
whakaritea he maua whakahaere mo etahi hunga, ara
ko nga Kaunihera Takiwa me nga Rori Poata rawa
ano. He maha nga Ture o te Paremete rae nga Ture
o nga Porowini e whakakorea ana e taua Pire, a e
whakatakotoria ana hoki he tikanga whakahaere e
ahei ai te whakaputa i nga maua i roto i aua Ture ka
whakakorea nei. Ko tetahi wahi o taua Pire he mea
whakatakoto i etahi inana e ahei ai te keri awa hei
whakamimiti i nga wai o nga whenua noa atu ; tetahi,
mo nga whenua tuturu a etahi tangata (ina hiahia te
tangata kia mahia peratia e ia), ara kia whai putanga
mo aua rawa. Ko te wahi whakamutunga o taua
Ture i meatia mo nga ara wai, (ara nga awa whaka-
heke wai e mahia ana i nga whenua mahinga koura,
me etahi atu mahi pera)—tona tino tikanga he hui
kia kotahi nga ture e mana ana inaianei mo aua tu
mahi.
Ka mutu te korero a etahi o nga mema Pakeha, ka
tu ko,
TAIAROA ki te korero mo taua mea, no te mea e
pa ana taua Pire ki nga wahi katoa o te koroni. Ka
kotahi tonu te wahi e korero ai ia o taua Pire, e kore
hoki ia e roa e korero ana. Ki tana whakaaro i
We recommend the Maoris of the present day to
give careful consideration to the above words of
Governor Browne—they are honest and truthful.
Owing to severe and dangerous illness, Sir Donald
McLean has, during the past year, resigned the office
of Native Minister. He was ever a firm and honest
friend of the Maori race, and always sought to benefit
them and do them good by every means in his
power; and, if it be the will of the Almighty Dis-
poser of events to spare his life, we are sure he will,
as a private gentleman, continue to take a great
interest in all measures calculated to improve their
position, and raise them in the scale of civilization.
And, although he has retired from office, our Maori
friends may rest assured that the action of the pre-
sent Government towards the Maori race in these
islands will always be characterized by similar senti-
ments of kindness and consideration to those which
he evinced.
We trust our Native readers will not suppose that
we have made the above remarks in anything like a
carping or censorious spirit; we have been actuated
solely by a desire to speak honestly to them for their
own good, and we hope and believe that our words
will not be without good effect.
In conclusion, we wish our many friends, both
Native and European, a happy and a prosperous new
year, from its commencement to its close.
PARLIAMENT.
WE now continue from No. 22 our report of Parlia-
mentary proceedings and speeches of Native mem-
bers.
HOUSE.
FRIDAY, 20TH OCTOBER, 1876.
PUBLIC WORKS BILL.
Mr. RICHARDSON, in moving the second reading of
this Bill, said when the Bill was first taken in hand,
it was intended that it should simply be a measure
for consolidating the various Public Works and
Railway Bills; but it was afterwards found neces-
sary to go further, and provide powers for various
bodies, particularly the County Councils and Road
Boards. The Bill repealed a number of Acts of the
General Assembly, and a number of Provincial Ordi-
nances, and made provision for the exercise of all the
powers given under these Acts and Ordinances. A
part of the measure was devoted to providing powers
for drainage generally, and another for providing for
drainage of private lands, and outfall drains from
such lands. The last portion of the Act referred to
water-races, and did little more than consolidate
existing laws on this subject.
A number of European members having spoken,
Mr. TAIAROA rose to speak upon this subject,
because the Bill referred to all parts of the colony.
He would only refer to one part of it, and would not
speak at any length upon it. He thought the Bill

6
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
mahi taua Pire hei painga,mo nga Pakeha anake—
ara mo te taha kaha. Tera tetahi wahi whenua kei
te Mawhera he mea tautohetohe, a tukua mai ana e
nga Maori o reira ta "ratou pitihana whakahe ki te
rerewe. Kaore i utua te whenua i tangohia mo taua
rerewe i raro i te mana o era Ture: a i mea mai a
Ihaia, a Tainui, me etahi atu tangata, kia tonoa e ia
he utu i te Kawanatanga. Te kupu whakahoki mai
ki a ia a te Minita mo nga Mahi Nunui, i mea e
kore, e utua taua whenua, te take, mo nga moni
e £30,000 a te Kawanatanga i whakapaua ki reira.
Kaore ia (a Taiaroa) i whakaaro ki taua £30,000,
no te mea. he moni hanga waapu ia i te taha-
taha, kia tika ai te tu o nga kaipuke i reira, a ko
nga moni mo te tunga o nga kaipuke i reira
e riro katoa ana i te Kawanatanga. E £4,000
pauna i puta mai i nga Maori mo taua mahinga i te
tahataha, a haere ana te rerewe i runga i taua
whenua i hangaia tahitia e te Kawanatanga me nga
Maori ano; engari ko nga moni mo te tunga o nga
kaipuke i reira e riro ana i te Kawanatanga, kaore i
nga Maori etahi. Ki tana whakaaro he tika kia utua
taua whenua, no te mea kua kiia kia utua nga
whenua katoa e tangohia ana mo nera rerewe.
Tetahi take i ki ai te Minita mo nga Mahi Nunui i
kore ai e utua taua whenua, he nui no nga painga e
tau ana ki runga ki te taone, a i nga Maori hoki, i te
mahinga o taua rerewe; otira kua tu noa atu taua
taone ki reira i mua atu o te rerewe, na nga Maori
hoki te whenua i tu ai nga whare, kua riro nei mo te
rerewe taua whenua. No konei ia ka whakaaro mo
nga Pakeha anake taua Pire; kei te mahinga ki nga
Maori ka takahi te Whare i tetahi wahi o ana Ture
ake ano. Kia rite tonu te whakahaeretanga o te ture
ki nga iwi e rua; ki te mea ka utua nga Pakeha me
utu hoki ki nga Maori. Kaore ia e whakahe ana ki
taua Pire, engari e hiahia ana a ia kia tika te wha-
kahaere o ona tikanga ki runga ki nga iwi e rua. E
whai take ana ano ia ki taua whenua, ki nga whenua
katoa ano hoki o taua wahi o te Waipounamu ; engari
na te iti o nga whenua i rahuitia ma nga Maori o
reira i kore ai ia e korero ki taua whenua, ara i
mahue ai ma nga tangata e noho ana ki reira. Ko
tetahi tikanga i roto i taua Pire e mea ana mo te
ruritanga o nga whenua Maori, ma tetahi kai-ruri
kua whakaaetia e te Minita mo nga Mahi Nunui e
ruri. Ko ia e mea ana kaua te Kawanatanga e
hohoro te tahuri ki nga mahi hanga rerewe i runga
i nga whenua Maori, engari me matua pa ki nga
Maori korero ai, whakarite ai i te utu hei riro mo te
whenua e mahia ai te rerewe. . Ka tohe ia kia utua
te whenua a nga Maori o te Mawhera, no te mea e
kore e tika kia kore e utua te whenua i tangohia mai
i a ratou.
 Katahi ka korero etahi mema (Pakeha) mo taua
Pire, muri iho ka waiho mo tetahi rangi korerotia ai
ano.
MANEI, 23rd OKETOPA, 1876.
PIRE MO NGA URI O TE TANGATA MATE.
Ko the WITIKA i tu ki runga ki te whakapuaki i
etahi kupu hei whakamarama i te tikanga o taua
Pire, ine te take i whakaputaina mai ai. He nui te
raruraru e puta ana i runga i nga whenua e mau
ana i nga Maori no te mea ko nga kupu whakatau
a te Kooti Whenua Maori mo nga whenua a te
tangata mate, e puta ana mo nga whenua anake
kua oti te whakawa i roto i taua Kooti. Otira he
maha ke atu nga take i mau ai te whenua ki nga
Maori; ko tetahi tikanga o taua Pire, he mea kia
mana te kupu whakatau a te Kooti ki runga ki
nga whenua Maori katoa atu, ahakoa he whenua
. kua whakawakia i roto i te Kooti, kaore ranei. Na,
he tikanga pai tena; he nui hoki te hiahia o nga
was only made for the benefit of Europeans—that
was to say, of the strong side.    There was a dispute
about a certain piece of land at Greymouth, and a
petition was   sent in against the  railway by the
Natives there.   No compensation was given for the
land taken for that railway under the former Acts;
and he was authorized by Ihaia, Tainui, and others
to claim compensation from the Government.    He
got an answer from the Minister for Public Works
that the land for the railway would not be paid
for, giving as his reason that Government money to
the extent of about £30,000 had been expended
there.    He did not consider that £30,000, because
it was  for the purpose of making a quay along-
side which vessels could lie, and all the dues from
vessels   lying   alongside   it   became   the   property
of   the   Government.      The   Natives    contributed
£4,000  towards  that  embankment, and the   rail-
way went over the land which was reclaimed by
the Natives and the Government together; but the
dues from the quay went to the Government, and
the Natives got none of it.    He thought that land
should be paid for, as it was provided that land which
was taken for the purpose of railway construction
should always be paid for.    The Minister for Public
Works gave also, as a reason why it should not be
paid for, that the railway had done such benefit to
the town, and consequently to the Natives ; but the
town was there before the railway, and the land upon
which the houses were built, belonging to the Maoris,
had been taken for railway purposes.    Therefore it
was that he  considered this Bill, only referred to
Europeans, and that in dealing with the Natives, the
House was transgressing a portion of its own law.
The law ought to be carried out exactly the same
with both races, and if Europeans were compensated,
the Natives should be compensated also.   He was not
objecting to the Bill in any way, and only wished to
see its provisions carried out fairly to both races.
He had himself a claim to this land, and to all the
land in that part of the Middle Island; but in con-
sequence of the small quantity of land reserved to
the Natives there, he had not set up any claim to it,
and left it for the people who were living there.    It
was also provided in the Bill that the survey of the
Native lands should be by a surveyor authorized by
the Minister for Public Works.    He thought the
Government  should  confer with the Natives first
before they went into any railway matters connected
with Native land, and settle the price for the land
before the railway was constructed.    He urged the
claims of the Greymouth Natives to be paid, as it
was not right that the land taken from them should
not be paid for.
After a number of other members had spoken, the
debate was adjourned.
MONDAY, 23RD OCTOBER, 1876.
INTESTATE NATIVES SUCCESSION BILL.
Mr. WHITAKER wished to say a few words in ex-
planation of the principle of this Bill, and the reason
for its being brought forward. Considerable diffi-
culty had arisen in reference to lands held by the
Natives, for the reason that the orders of succession
made by the Native Land Court only applied to laud
which had been passed through that Court. But
Natives were in possession of land under various
other titles ; and one object of the Bill, therefore,
was to make the order of succession apply to all
Native lands, whether they had passed through the
Native Land Court or not. That object was a good
one; and the Native members of the House were
very desirous that the Bill should be passed, for the

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
mema Maori o te Whare kia whakaaetia taua Pire,
ara kia tuturu ai nga take o nga tangata e tika aua
kia riro i a ratou nga whenua o te tangata mate.
Tetahi wahi o taua Pire e whai tikanga ana e ahei ai
te Kooti te tuku kupu whakatau mo nga taonga noa
atu a te tangata mate kia riro i te tangata e tika ana.
Heoi te mana o te Kooti e tuku ai he kupu whakatau
pera inaianei, mo nga whenua anake ano kua oti te
whakawa i roto i te Kooti Whenua Maori, kaore mo
nga taonga ke atu a te tangata mate.    No konei ka
mate etahi Maori e whai taonga ana, ka nui te raru-
raru o te whakaaronga ki te tangata mana e tango
aua taonga.    He mea raruraru i kitea ki Waihou te
take i whakaputaina ai tenei Pire.    Ara, ko Rapana,
he rangatira Maori, i mate i mua tata ake nei, waiho
ana e ia ana moni i roto i te Peeke o Niu Tirani e
£7,000.    Ko tona wahine me ana tamariki tokorua
i mahue ki te ao nei.    Ka tono taua wahine ki te
Hupirimi  Kooti kia tukua mai ki a ia he puka-
puka whai-tikanga mana ki aua moni; engari kihai i
tukua mai e te Kai-whakawa i Akarana, no te mea
kihai i taea e ia te whakaatu he mea marena ia
i runga i ta te ture tikanga mo te marenatanga.    Na,
ko aua moni kai te takoto tonu i roto i te Peeke o
Niu Tirani, e kore e taea te tiki atu.    Te mea e
marama ai tena raruraru, e ki ana tenei Pire ma te
Kooti Whenua Maori e kimi te tangata tika ki ta te
Maori tikanga hei tango i aua moni, ka kitea, katahi
ka puta te ota (pukapuka tohutohu) a te Kooti, a
hei reira, hei te putanga o taua ota, ka tukua mai e
te Hupirimi Kooti he pukapuka whai-tikanga ki aua
moni.    Ma tenei Pire ka rite tonu nga tikanga ki te
Maori ki te Pakeha mo te tangohanga o nga taonga o
te tangata mate, ina puta te ota a te Kooti Whenua
Maori.    Katahi ka tono  ia   kia whakarerea e te
Tumuaki tona nohoanga, kia noho a Komiti ai te
Whare ki te hurihuri i taua Pire.
Ko te HIHANA i ki kua ata tirohia katoatia e ia
taua Pire, a ka tautokona e ia taua Pire. He maha
nga takiwa i raru i roto i etahi tau kua taha nei i te
kore Ture pera me taua Pire. Ki tana whaakaro ko
nga rawa a te tangata mate e rahi ake ana i te £50,
te £100 ranei, me tuku katoa mai ki raro ki te mana
o taua Ture.
Ko te HAAPI i ki e kore ia e whakahe ki taua
Pire, engari he ui tana ki te pewheatanga o taua
Pire ki nga hawhe-kaihe, e pewhea ana ranei te
tikanga o taua Pire ki a ratou.
Ko TAIAROA i mea kia whakaae te Whare ki taua
Pire. I te timatanga o te hui o te Paremete nei i ki
ano ia ki te Kawanatanga he tika kia whakaputaina
mai he Pire pera, no te mea he tokomaha nga tangata
e mau ana i te whenua Karauna karaati, a hei te
matenga o aua tangata ka waiho o ratou whenua hei
take tautohetohe ma o ratou uri. E kore e mohiotia
te tangata mana te whenua i enei ture e tu nei inai-
anei ; engari e mohio ana ia ki te mea ka whakaaetia
tenei Pire kua kore he raruraru. Mo te kupu a te
Haapi mo nga hawhe-kaihe, ko ia hoki tetahi i kite
kaore he tikanga i roto i taua Pire mo nga hawhe-
kaihe. Ka tautoko ia i taua Pire.
Ko HONE NAHE i mea he Pire pai rawa atu taua
Pire i nga Pire katoa i mahia mo nga rawa a nga
Maori. Ki tana whakaaro tera ano e ahei nga
hawhe-kaihe te whakauru mai ki roto ki nga tikanga
o taua Pire ratou tahi ko nga Maori, pera me era atu
Pire.
Heoi, ka whakaaetia te tono a te Witika. Wha-
kaarohia ana te Pire, i roto i te Komiti, muri iho ka
panuitia tuatorutia. Heoi, ka tuturu.
purpose of enabling persons who ought to succeed
to lands to acquire a good title to them.    Another
part of the Bill extended the power of granting suc-
cession orders in regard to personal estate.    The
power to grant orders at present referred only to
lands that had passed the Native Land Court, and
did not apply to personal property at all.    The con-
sequence was, that, when Natives died possessed of
considerable personal property, a good deal of diffi-
culty arose as to who should succeed to it.    The Bill
had been brought forward on the present occasion
in consequence of a circumstance which occurred at
the Thames.   Rapana, a chief of considerable import-
ance, died some time ago, leaving a sum of £7,000,
deposited in the Bank of New Zealand.    He left a
widow and two  children.    The widow applied in
ordinary course for letters of administration; but
the Judge of the Supreme Court in Auckland would
not grant them because she was unable to prove she
had been married according to the laws regulating
marriages among ourselves.    The consequence was,
the money was at present locked up in the Bank of
New Zealand, and nobody was able to make use of
it.   In order to get over that difficulty, the Native
Land Court was enabled by this Bill to ascertain
who, according to Maori custom, would be entitled
to the money, and the Court would make an order,
and upon that order letters of administration would
be granted.    By this Bill Natives would be placed on
the same footing as Europeans in regard to intestate
estates after the order granted by the Native Land
Court.     He moved,  That Mr.  Speaker leave the
chair, in order that the House might go into Com-
mittee on this Bill.
Mr. SHEEHAN said he had gone carefully through
the Bill, which he would support. Many districts
had for many years felt the want of such an Act as
this. He thought that it should be made law that
every estate of over £50 or £100 should come under
the provisions of this Act.
Mr. SHARP did not intend to make any objection
at all to. the Bill, but he would like to know how far
it related to half-castes. He would like to know
how they were to be affected by the Bill.
Mr. TAIAROA hoped the House would agree to this
Bill. At the beginning of the Session he had sug-
gested to the Government the desirability of intro-
ducing such a Bill, as there were a great many people
who held lands under Crown grant, and when they
died those lands were the subject of dispute amongst
the descendants of the owner. As the law at present
stood, nobody knew to whom such land belonged;
but he was sure that if this Bill were passed there
would be no trouble. With regard to what had been
said by the honorable member for Nelson City, he
could only say that he himself had noticed that there
was no provision made for half-castes. He would
support the Bill.
Mr. NAHE thought this was one of the best Bills
which had yet been introduced relating to Native
property; but at the same time he believed that the
halt-castes could, as provided for in other Acts, come
under the provisions of this Bill the same as Maoris.
Motion agreed to. Bill considered in Committee,
reported without amendment, and read a third time.

8
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
TE WHARE I RUNGA.
TUREI, 24TH OKETOPA, 1876.
PIRE WHENUA RAHUI MAORI.
Ko Takuta PORENA. i tono kia panuitia tuaruatia
taua Pire. I ki ia tera ano e mohio nga mema ki te
Ture i huaina ko te Ture Whenua Rahui Maori i
whakaturia e te Whare ki raro, i te tau 1873, muri
iho ka kawea mai ki roto ki te Runanga nei (ara te
Whare i Runga). He mea whakatakoto tikanga
taua Ture mo nga whenua rahui Maori katoa, a ki
tana whakaaro he nui te tika o te whakamarama-
tanga o taua ture i nga tikanga mo nga whenua
rahui. I te panuitanga tuaruatanga o taua Ture i
roto i te Kaunihera i tukua ki tetahi Komiti kia
tirohia e ratou, a ata tirohia ana e te Komiti, muri
iho ka whakatikatikaia e te Kaunihera etahi o nga
tikanga o taua Ture ki runga ki ta te Komiti i mea
ai, katahi ka whakatuturutia taua Ture, tuturu ana.
Ko tetahi tikanga nui i whakaurua e te Komiti ki
taua Ture ko te tekiona 7 o te Ture o 1873. Kotahi
te tikanga i roto i taua Pire Rahui Whenua Maori
i te tukunga mai ki te Kaunihera i te tau 1873, ara
ko te tekiona te 16, he mea whakarite ia kia tu
etahi rangatira Maori hei Komiti awhina i te Komi-
hana i runga i tana mahi whakahaere tikanga mo nga
wahi rahui Maori. Na te Komiti i ki kia whakare-
rea taua tekiona (16) a ka whakaurua he tikanga ke
ki roto, koia tenei e tu nei i te tekiona 7 o taua
Ture. Ina hoki taua tekiona, ara:—
" Kei roto i nga takiwa katoa, ia takiwa ia takiwa,
e whakaturia ana i raro i tenei Ture, me whiriwhiri
e nga Maori e noho ana i roto i taua takiwa, i
roto i a ratou whaka-maori ano, i runga i etahi
tikanga e whakaritea e te Kawana i roto i tona
Runanga, kia tokotoru tangata hei Komihana Kai-
awhina, a ko ratou tahi ko te Komihana Whe-
nua-Rahui Maori, kua whakaturia ra i runga i
te tikanga kua oti te whakaatu i runga ake ra, ka
waiho hei Poata Tohutohu mo te whakahaeretanga o
nga wahi-rahui Maori i roto i taua takiwa. Kei ia
Poata kei ia Poata pera, ka waiho te Komihana
Whenua-Rahui Maori, i whakaturia peratia me te
mea kua kiia ki runga ra, ka waiho ia hei Tieamana.
" Ma te Komihana Whenua-Rahui Maori i etahi
wa, ara i nga wa e maharatia ai e ia he tika, e kara-
nga he huinga o te Poata, a ma te nuinga o nga
tangata o taua Poata e whakarite iho e whaka-
oti iho nga tikanga katoa mo nga wahi-rahui Maori
i roto i te takiwa i whakaturia ai ratou ; a e
kore e tika te hoko, te riihi, te hoko-whakawhiti
ranei, o tetahi wahi-rahui Maori ki te kore e matua
oti i te Poata taua whakaotinga iho i nga tikanga
katoa mo runga i nga wahi-rahui Maori; me te tuhi-
nga hoki, kia oti ano e ratou te tuhi i ta ratou
whakaotinga ki te pukapuka tuhinga o nga mahinga
a te Poata."
I maharatia ma tenei whakaritenga ka ngakau nui
nga tangata Maori matau, whai-whakaaro, ki te
whakauru ki roto ki te whakahaeretanga o a ratou
tikanga ake ano, a te iwi Maori, a i pena ano hoki
tana whakaaro ki taua whakaritenga; kei te mahinga
tahitanga o ratou ko te Komihana i roto i aua Poata
(ara, aua runanga) ka akona ratou ki etahi mataura-
nga e tika ai ratou e tika ai hoki te motu. Otira
kihai ano i whakahaerea taua Ture. Ko nga takiwa
i kiia i roto i taua Ture he tika kia roherohea kia
karangatia hoki e te Kawana hei takiwa whaka-
haeretanga mo taua Ture, kihai i roherohea kihai i
karangatia, no kona kaore i mahia taua Ture i roto i
aua takiwa, i mahue noa iho. E rua nga take i
whakaaro ai te Kawanatanga i ta ratou kimihanga i
taua mea. Ko tetahi, a ko te tino take hoki ia, kua
whakamaramatia i roto i te pukapuka i tuhia e te
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL.
TUESDAY, 24TH OCTOBER, 1876.
NATIVE RESERVES BILL.
The Hon. Dr. POLLEN, in moving the second read-
ing of this Bill, said it would be in the recollection
of honorable members that, in the year 1873, an Act
known as the Native Reserves Act was introduced
into the Council after having been previously passed
in the House of Representatives. That Act dealt
comprehensively with the whole question of Native
reserves, and in respect of their classification it ap-
peared to him to have succeeded to a very great
3xtent. When that measure was read a second time
in the Council it was referred to a Select Committee,
and after receiving careful consideration the amend-
ments which were recommended by the Committee
to be made were adopted by the Council, and the
Bill was then passed nearly as it was modified in
Committee. Amongst the most important of the
amendments effected by the Committee was that one
which now stood as clause 7 in the Act of 1873. In
the Native Reserves Bill, as it came to the Council in
1873, there stood as clause 16 a provision for a Com-
mittee of Advice, composed of Native chiefs, who
were to be the guides of the Commissioner in deal-
ing with questions relating to Native reserves. By
the Select Committee it was recommended that that
clause should be erased, and that the clause which
now stood as clause 7 of. the Bill should be inserted.
It was as follows:—
" In every district created under this Act there
shall be elected by the Natives resident in the dis-
trict from amongst themselves, in manner to be
regulated by the Governor in Council, three persons
as Assistant Commissioners, who, together with the
Native Reserves Commissioner appointed as herein-
before mentioned, shall form a Board of Direction
for the administration of the Native reserves in such
district. Of every such Board the Native Reserves
Commissioner, appointed as aforesaid, shall be the
chairman.
" The Native Reserves Commissioner shall from
time to time, as he may deem desirable, call a meeting
of the Board, who shall, by a majority of its members,
decide on all matters connected with Native reserves
in the district for which they are constituted; and
no sale, lease, or exchange of any Native reserve
shall be effected without such decision being first
obtained and recorded upon the minutes of the meet-
ings of the Board."
It was held—and the doctrine tad his personal
sympathy—that there was an opportunity afforded
by this provision of interesting the ablest and most
intelligent of the Natives in the management of their
own affairs, and that, by associating them with a
Commissioner on these Boards, they would receive a
certain, education which might be very useful to
themselves and to the country. But it did not
appear that that Act was ever practically brought
into operation. The districts which the Governor
was authorized to make and proclaim by the Act
were not so made, and consequently the Act, to that
extent at least, had remained in abeyance. The Go-
vernment appeared to have been moved, in their
dealing with this question, by two considerations.
One of them, and the chief, might be said to be stated
in the memorandum by Mr. Mackay, Commissioner

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
9
Make, te Komihana mo nga Whenua-Rahui Maori i
te Waipounamu. Kia rua nga wahi o taua korero e
panuitia e ia hei whakaatu i nga tino take i whakaaro
ai he mea he te roherohe takiwa me te whakatu i
taua wahi o taua Ture kia mana ana. Ko nga kupu
enei. a te Make i ki ai, ara,—
" I runga i te rarangi 7 e whakaturia aua tetahi
Runanga Komihana, a ki te kore e whakaae rawa
ratou e kore e taea tetahi meatanga ki tetahi Whe-
nua-rahui Maori; a e apititia ana e te rarangi 19
kia whakaae rawa te Kawana ka mana ai nga tuku-
nga whenua katoa e whakaaetia ana e taua Runanga,
no reira ka tupu etahi raruraru ke atu etahi tikanga
whakaroa hoki i te whakariterite, tetahi hold he
whakararuraru kau i te Kawana me ana hoa tohu-
tohu ki nga mea o nga kainga kaore nei e mohiotia
nuitia ana e ratou, ahakoa tino whakamaramatia nga
tikanga o ia mea; a e waiho aua hei take whaka-
pae ki te Kawanatanga ho mea whakahoa mehemea
ka whakaaetia ki tetahi hoa tetahi riihi, a ka kore e
whakaaetia ki tetahi tangata e whakaaro ke ana.
**                    *                    *
" Tetahi whakahe tuturu, ko te hanganga o te Ru-
nanga whakahaere. E whakawatea ana i te huarahi
mo nga hiahia o te tangata, a kaore e taea ana te mea
e hiahiatia ana—ara, kia whai reo nga Maori ki te
whakahaere i o ratou whenua. Ka whakamana kau
ia i a mea tangata, i a mea tangata, o te iwi Maori ki
te whakahaere i runga i ta ratou whakaaro ake i nga
whenua o nga iwi ke ehara nei i to ratou iwi ake,
kaore nei hoki o ratou tikanga i rite ki o aua iwi.
Mehemea i tino whakahaerea nga tikanga o te Ture
o te tau 1873, penei kua puta nga puhaehae-a-iwi i
runga i te pokanoa a nga tangata Maori o taua Poata
(ara, taua Runanga) ki nga whenua o etahi atu iwi,
no te mea ko tenei iwi ko te Maori e kore rawa e pai
kia pokanoa te tangata ke ki tona whenua."
Ko tetahi take whakahe i korero ai a Takuta Po-
rena, mo te whai-taketanga o nga tangata kei a ratou
nga riihi Whenua-rahui i Kereimauta (Mawhera). I
ki ia i tukua mai e aua tangata tetahi pitihana ki te
Kawanatanga he mea whakaatu i te he e pa ki a
ratou, ki taua takiwa katoa atu hoki, me i whakaturia
taua Ture ki taua takiwa. E ahua rite ana ki te 400
aua tangata e noho ana i taua Whenua-rahui i Kerei-
mauta, a he nui noa atu a ratou mahinga whakapai i
runga i nga wahi e nohoia ana e ratou—he mea riihi
hoki aua wahi ki a ratou mo nga tau e rua tekau ma
tahi. E rite ana rapea aua mahinga whakapai ki te
£40,000. E maharatia ana kei te mutunga o nga
tau o aua riihi e kore pea e whakahoutia. Kaore ia
e mohio ana e whai take ana ranei taua whakaaro,
kaore ranei, engari e pera ana te whakaaro o nga
tangata i a ratou nga riihi, e mea ana ano hoki a te
Make ehara i te mea take kore rawa taua whakaaro,
na tana korero i kore ai e whakamanangia tena
wahi o taua Ture. He wahi nui rawa te wahi o
te taone e tu ana i runga i taua Whenua-rahui o
Kereimauta a he nui ano nga tikanga e tika ai te
whakanekehia atu nga tau kia roa atu ai te takiwa o
nga riihi kei aua tangata e noho ana i reira, kia kaha
ai hoki ratou te hanga i etahi whare pai atu kaha atu
i te tu whare hanga noaiho e hanga ana i nga taone
hou i nga whenua keringa koura. He maha nga ara
i puta mai ai he tohe ki te Kawanatanga kia mahia
he tikanga mo tenei mea. Ko nga mema o taua
kainga e tumanako tonu ana kia kimihia he tikanga
mo taua mea hei oranga mo to ratou takiwa, no kona
ka mahia taua Pire ; a no te mea e mate ana te Mi-
nita mo te taha Maori i kore ai e puta mai ki te
Whare, kua riro tenei i a ia (i a Takuta Porena)
inana e whakaputa taua Pire ki te Kaunihera. He
mea whakamarama ia i te tikanga o nga whenua-rahui
Maori i whakaritea i roto i te Ture o te tau 1873 ; he
mea whakakore hoki ia i te Runanga Komihana i kiia
roto i te Ture o te tau 1873 kia whakaturia, a ka
of Native Reserves in the South Island. He would
quote two passages from this report, as showing the
chief objections which were raised departmentally—
if one might so term it—to the making of districts,
and the bringing of this part of the Act into opera-
tion. Mr. Mackay said,—
" By section 7 a Board of Commissioners is created,
without whose consent no dealing can be effected
with any portion of a Native reserve; and clause 19
superadds the necessity of the assent of the Governor
being obtained to validate all dispositions of land
that may be agreed on by the Board, thereby creat-
ing further difficulty and delay in the transaction of
business, besides troubling the Governor and his
Advisers with matters of local character, of which
they can have but little knowledge, however clearly
the circumstances of each case are explained; while,
at the same time, it lays the Government open to
the accusation of favouritism in the event of a lease
being sanctioned in favour of a political sup-
porter, in preference to a person holding opposite
views.* * * *
"Another grave objection is the constitution of
the Board of Management. Besides opening a way
to private designs, it does not effect the object in
view—i.e., to give the Natives a voice in the manage-
ment of their property. It would simply clothe A,
B, and C, of the Native race, with the power to deal
arbitrarily with the property of tribes to which they
neither belong, nor have any sentiment in common
with. Had the Act of 1873 been brought into effec-
tive operation, this intermeddling with lands of other
tribes by the Native members of the Board would
have had the effect of rousing tribal jealousies ; the
Natives, as a race, being most impatient of inter-
ference in regard to landed property."
The other objection to which the honorable gentle-
man referred had reference to the interests of lessees
of the Greymouth Reserve. A petition, he said, had
been presented to the Government from those lessees
pointing out the danger to their own interests and
to the progress of the district which might result
from bringing the Act into force in that particular
district. The settlers on the Greymouth Reserve
numbered about 400, and the improvements they had
made upon allotments—which they held under lease
for twenty-one years—were represented as being
very considerable. These improvements might pro-
bably be valued at £40,000. It was feared that at
the termination of the existing leases no renewal
would be granted. He did not indeed know whether
this fear had a sufficient foundation, but there was
no doubt that it was very general amongst the lessees,
and they had, at least, the testimony of Mr. Mackay
that it was not wholly without foundation, because
he believed it was upon his recommendation chiefly
that that portion of the Act was not brought into
operation. No doubt, there was a good deal to be
said in favour of giving the lessees of the Greymouth
Reserve—the land forming a very large and important
portion of the township—such a length of tenure as
would be an inducement to them to put up a better
and more substantial class of buildings than the
flimsy and slightly-constructed edifices which usually
graced a new gold fields town in process of develop-
ment. The necessity of taking some action in this
matter had been pressed upon the Government from
several directions. Honorable gentlemen who re-
presented the district were very anxious that a con-
sideration of this question ia the interest of their
district should be had, and accordingly this Bill had
been prepared; and in the absence of his honor-
able colleague the Native Minister from another
place through illness he had undertaken to take charge
of it, and to introduce it into the Council. It pro-

10
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
waiho i te Komihana te mana whakahaere tikanga
mo aua whenua-rahui—he mea ano mana anake e
whakahaere, he mea ano ka pa ia ki nga Maori kia
whakaae ratou ki tana e mea ai. He mea whakata-
koto tikanga te 6 o nga rarangi e ahei ai te tuku he
riihi roa, hei hanganga whare. He tikanga nui kei
te rarangi 7, ara e mea ana kia whakaritea he
mana e ahei ai te whakatuturu i te whenua
riihi ki te tangata e utu tonu ana i te tau kia
tuturu ki a ia ake tonu atu (mehemea e whakaaro
pera ana). Ko nga tino tikanga enei o taua Pire e
mea nei ia kia tirohia e te Kaunihera. Ki tana
whakaaro, ki te mea ka panuitia tuaruatia taua Pire,
he mea tika kia tukua ki tetahi Komiti, pera me tera
i mua, kia taea ai he korero whaki, marama atu i tana
i korero nei, e mohiotia ai te tika o te mea e kiia nei
kia mahia houtia etahi o nga tikanga o taua Ture.
Ko WI TAKO NGATATA i ki he kupu ano tana mo
taua Pire, no te mea kua rongo ia e whakakore ana
taua Pire i te Ture o te tau 1873. I ki a Takuta
Porena i whakaaetia te Ture o 1873 e te Kaunihera.
He mea pa tenei ki nga Maori, no reira ia ka whaka-
puaki kupu. Mehemea he Pire ia mo nga whenua
Pakeha, kua kore ia e korero. Mo tera motu tenei
Pire, engari e pa ana ki tenei motu ano hoki. Tana
whakaaro ki tenei Pire, e kore rawa ia e whakaae,
no te mea e whai tikanga ana ki nga whenua Maori
katoa, he nui hoki nga whenua Maori. He Ture pai
te Ture o te tau 1873, he mea tika kia whakaturia
he Komihana Maori hei kai-whakahaere mo a ratou
whenua-rahui ake ano. Kahore e tika kia waiho i te
Pakeha anake ano he mana mo aua wahi-rahui; no
te mea na nga Maori aua whenua. Ko te tikanga o
tenei Pire he tahae i nga whenua a nga Maori. He
tango i te whenua, he pana i nga Maori. Kahore i
marama taua Pire. Kaore ia e kite ana he pai mo nga
Maori kei roto i taua Pire. Kahore ia i kite i tetahi
tikanga i whakaputaina mai i tenei tau i penei rawa
te kino mo te iwi Maori. He ture ke mo te Pakeha,
he ture ke mo te Maori. E kapea atu ana nga Maori
ki waho o te whakahaeretanga o a ratou whenua, ko
nga Pakeha anake e whai reo ana ki aua mahi. No
konei ka ki ia ki te Kaunihera kia tika te mahi.
Ko te Whare tenei e whakaputa ana i nga Pire. Ki
tana whakaaro ko te Whare tenei i nui te inana. Ko
te tikanga o tona tunga i tu ai ia ki roto ki taua
Whare he tiaki i nga Maori, he titiro kia tika te
whakahaeretanga mo ratou. Kaore ia e kaha ana ki
te korero i taua rangi, he mate nona; engari ma
etahi mema e korero. Ka tono ia kia tuku atu taua
Pire kia ono marama panuitia ai (ara, he tikanga
whakakore tena i te Pire).
Ko te WATARAUHI i ki ahakoa kore ia e pai kia
whakaputa tikanga pera rawa me ta Wi Tako, ko
tenei kua puta nei i a ia (i a Wi Tako) me tautoko
ano ia i taua tikanga. Kua marama rawa te whaka-
atu mai a Takuta Porena i nga tikanga o te Ture o
te tau 1873; a kua rongo nei nga mema ki taua
whakamaramatanga, tera ratou e whakaaro e kore
ratou e tika ki te whakatuturu i tenei Pire e whaka-
kore nei i taua Ture o 1873 i te mea kaore ano kia
mana noa taua Ture o 1873, ka pa ra ano kia whaka-
haerea taua Ture i te tuatahi. Ko tetahi o nga
tikanga o taua Ture o 1873 he mea kia waia nga
Maori ki te whakahaere i a ratou tikanga ake ano,
e ai ki ta te Hekeretari mo te Koroni i ki ai i tona
whakaputanga i taua Ture ki te Kaunihera. I ki
hoki ia i taua takiwa tera tetahi tikanga kei roto
i taua Ture e uru ai nga Maori whai take ki nga
whenua-rahui ki te mahi tahi ratou ko nga Komi-
posed to extend the classification of Native reserves
made in the Act of 1873; also to abolish the Board
of Commissioners which was intended to be constituted
by the Act of 1873, and to repose in the Commissioner
the power—independently, or subject to appeal for the
consent of the Natives in certain cases—of dealing with
those reserves. It made another proposition also in
the 6th clause, providing for giving extended leases
of land for building purposes ; and in the 7th clause
a very important proposition was made to give
authority for converting a leasehold tenure into a
fee-simple in consideration of a rent charge which
should be perpetual. Those were the most important
provisions of the Bill to which he wished to direct
the attention of the Council. He thought, if the
Bill were read a second time, it would be proper on
this, as on a former occasion, to refer it to a Select
Committee, in order that evidence more precise than
he had been able to give in the introduction of this
Bill, as to the necessity of the proposed alteration,
should be obtained.
The Hon. Mr. NGATATA said that he had some-
thing to say in reference to this Bill, because he
heard it repealed the Act of 1873. The Hon. Dr.
Pollen said that the Act of 1873 was assented to by
the Council. He spoke now, because this matter
had reference to the Natives. If it had been a Bill
referring to European lands, he would not have any-
thing to say. This Bill had reference to the other
island, but it was to have an influence over this
island as well. His feeling with regard to this Bill
was that he would not consent to it at all, because it
had an influence over all the Native lands, and the
Natives held a great many lands. The Act of 1873
was a very good Act, and Native Commissioners
should be appointed to control their own reserves.
It was not right that only Europeans should have
control over the reserves, because those lands be-
longed to the Natives. According to this Bill, it
was robbing the Natives of their lands. It was
taking the land, and shifting the Natives off. The
Bill was not at all clear. He saw nothing good in it
as regarded the Maoris. He had not seen anything
so bad introduced this year against the Maori race.
There were different laws for the Europeans and the
Maoris. The Maoris were excluded from having
anything to do with their own lands, and only
Europeans had a voice in the matter. Therefore he
would say to the Council, Let the thing be properly
done. This was the House that introduced the Bills.
He considered that this was the House which had the
greatest authority. He thought his position in that
House was that he should look after the interests of
the Natives, and see that they had justice done to
them. He was not able to speak much to-day,
because he was not well; but let other members
speak. He moved, That the Bill be read that day
six months.
The Hon. Mr. WATERHOUSE said that, although he
was not prepared to suggest the adoption of so de-
cided a course as that which had been proposed by
his honorable friend Mr. Wi Tako Ngatata, yet that
course having been proposed, he should feel it bis
duty to record his vote in favour of the honorable
member's proposition. His honorable friend the
Colonial Secretary had given them a very fair, im-
partial, and, he believed, correct account of the Act
of 1873 ; and after hearing that account he believed
honorable members could arrive at no other conclu-
sion than that they were not justified in passing a
Bill virtually repealing the Act of 1873, until that
Act had been brought into operation. The object of
the Act of 1873, as stated by the Colonial Secretary
in introducing the Bill into the Council, was, amongst
other things, to accustom the Natives to the manage-
ment of their own affairs. The honorable gentleman

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
11
hana e whakaturia ana i roto i o ratou takiwa ake
ano. Ko taua Pire, i tona ahua i kawea mai ai ki
te Kaunihera, kaore i paingia e etahi mema toko-
maha, kaore rawa hoki nga mema Maori i pai ki
taua Pire. Ka whai tikanga aua mema Maori ki
taua Pire, mahia ana e ratou, a tukua ana ki tetahi
Komiti o te Kaunihera hurihuri ai. I tae mai ano
te Miniti), mo te taha Maori ki taua Komiti, a tera
ano e mohio a Takuta Porena he maha nga tikanga o
taua Pire i tirotirohia e te Komiti i te wa e noho
ana ano te Minita mo te taha Maori ki reira; a ki
tana e whakaaro ana i whakaae ano taua Minita mo
te taha Maori ki te tikanga a te Komiti, ara te tika-
nga i mea ra te Komiti kia whakaturia he Runanga
Komihana Maori, ko te Tumuaki anake me tangata
Pakeha. I whakaae ano te Kaunihera ki taua tika-
nga, me te Whare i Raro ano hoki. Ka toru nga
tau i tuturu ai taua Ture, a kaore ano kia whaka-
haerea ona tikanga. Ko te Runanga o te Paremete
i ki me whakatu he Runanga Komihana, me tangata
Maori katoa taua Runanga, ko te Tumuki anake me
Pakeha ; na ko te mahi tika ma te Kawanatanga me
whakamana taua Ture.
Ko te RAAMANA i ki he tangata ia no taua takiwa
e tino pangaia ana e taua Pire, no reira ka hiahia ia
kia whakapuaki i etahi kupu. Heoi tana e mohio ai
ki te korero ko te taha o te whakaaro ki Kereimauta
(Mawhera). E kore ia e mohio mehemea e pa ana
taua Pire ki tenei motu ki te Raki ranei, kaore
ranei; engari e mohio ana a ia he mea tino tika rawa
kia whakaturia tetahi Ture hei whakatakoto tikanga
whakahaere mo nga mahi a te hunga e reti ana me
te hunga o tango reti ana i te taone o Kereimauta.
Kua kiia he nui to moni a nga tangata o Kereimauta
kua pau i te hanganga whare i runga i nga whenua
Maori, a kua oti ano hoki taua mea te whakaatu i
roto i te pukapuka korero a te Komihana Maori.
Ehara i te mea ko te £40,000 anake, e kiia nei, i
whakapaua, engari ka ki ano ia kua £100,000 kua
pau, e kore hoki tena e taea te whakakore. Otira i
pewhea nga tikanga i reira ? I tetahi takiwa i mua
ai i nga Maori ake ano nga tikanga whakahaere mo
te riihitanga o te whenua, engari i peke mai te Kawa-
natanga tangohia ana nga tikanga inana e whaka-
haere ; he tika hoki ta te Kawanatanga, no te mea
he mahi whakawai tonu te mahi a etahi Pakeha
tinihanga i nga Maori, a riroriro tikanga kore tonu
ana nga whenua i a ratou (ara he mea riihi ano).
Muri iho ko te Komihana Maori tonu te kai-whaka-
haere i nga tikanga. Tena, i pewhea te tikanga ?
E tae ana ki te 100 eka nga wahi whenua i roto i te
taone o Kereimauta kua retia ki nga tangata o
reira, hui katoa nga moni reti o taua 100 eka e tae
ana ki te £3,000 pauna, ki te £4,000 ranei, e riro ana
ki nga Maori i roto i nga tau katoa, ia tau, ia tau.
Na, tera ano e ki nga mema he moni tika ena moni,
he moni nui rawa. He aha koia ta nga Pakeha o
Kereimauta e hiahia, nei? Kaore ratou e mea ana
kia whakaitia nga moni reti—kihai rawa ratou i tono
ki tena; engari e hiahia ana ratou kia ata tuturu nga
tikanga o ta ratou noho i aua wahi whenua. I raua ai,
taea, noatia tenei wa, he mea aroha noa i whakahoutia
ai nga riihi, engari i te timatanga i kiia ka whakahou-
tia haeretia ano nga riihi i etahi takiwa. I muri nei i
whakahoutia nga riihi mo nga tau e rua te kau ma
tahi. I kiia i roto i te Kaunihera, i roto hoki pea i
te pukapuka korero a te Make, na te tarewa noa o te
noho, na te mea ehara i te noho take tuturu i kore
ai nga Pakeha o Kereimauta e hanga i etahi whare
on that occasion told the Council that there was a
provision under which Natives interested in reserves
should be associated with the Commissioners ap-
pointed in their special districts. The Bill in the
form in which it was introduced was not acceptable
to many honorable members, and was especially
unacceptable to his honorable friends the Maori
members. Those honorable gentlemen took action
in the matter, and the result was that the Bill was
referred to a Select Committee of the Council. In
that Select Committee they were favoured with the
attendance of the Hon. the Native Minister, as he
thought the Colonial Secretary would remember, and
many details of the Bill were considered when that
honorable gentleman was present; and, unless his
memory strangely misled him, the Hon. the Native
Minister himself was a concurring party to the action
taken by the Committee in constituting a Board of
Commissioners to be presided over by a European,
but of which the members, with that exception,
should be representatives of the Maori race. The
amendment was adopted by the Council, and accepted
by the other branch of the Legislature. Although the
law had been on the Statute Book for the last three
years, it had not been brought into operation. The
Legislature determined that there should be a Board
of Commissioners, of whom all, with the exception of
the Chairman, should be members of the Maori race,
and it was the bounden duty of the Government to
give effect to that law.
The Hon. Mr. LAHMANN said that, coming from
the place particularly interested in this Bill, he
desired to say one or two words. Of course, he
could only speak from a Greymouth point of view as
to Native affairs. Whether this Bill would affect
the Natives of the North Island or not, he was not
prepared to say; but he could say that it was abso-
lutely necessary, and in fact almost compulsory, that
some Act should be passed to regulate the affairs of
the lessors and lessees in the town of Greymouth.
It had been stated, and was contained in the report of
the Native Commissioner, that the people of Grey-
mouth had invested very largely in buildings oa
Native land. It was not only, as had been said, to
the extent of £40,000 that these investments had
been made ; but he could state, without fear of con-
tradiction, that it was to the extent of £100,000.
But what had been the state of affairs there? There
was a time when the Natives had the leasing of the
land in their own hands ; but the Government stepped
in, and rightly so, because designing people of our
own race took advantage of the Natives, and made
good bargains for themselves. But ever since then
the Native Commissioner had arranged affairs be-
tween the lessors and lessees. What was the case,
however? There were about 100 acres of land in
the town of Greymouth which had been let 1.0 the
people there, and it would be seen that the rent
from those 100 acres amounted to from £3,000 to
£4,000 a year. That, honorable gentlemen would
admit, was a very fair rent, if not an excessive one.
And what did the people of Greymouth desire?
They did not require to have their rents reduced—
they did not even ask for that; but they desired to
bo a little safer in their tenure. Hitherto the renewal
of the leases by the Native Commissioner had been
granted more as a favour, although at the very
beginning a promise was held out to the tenants
that the leases would be renewed from time to time.
Latterly the leases had been renewed for a period of
twenty-one years. It bad been stated in the Council,
and he thought also in the report of Mr. Alexander
Mackay, that the uncertain tenure of the land had
prevented the inhabitant o£ Greymouth from erect-
ing more substantial buildings. If honorable mem-
bers, however, were acquainted with that town, they

12
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
tika. Otira mehemea e mohio ana nga mema ki taua
taone kua kite ratou he whare pai rawa etahi o nga
whare i hangaia i runga i nga whenua-rahui Maori;
a ki te mea ka ata oti etahi whakaritenga tuturu
rawa i nga Maori ratou ko aua Pakeha, tera ano
e hangaia etahi whare tino pai rawa ki reira. No
konei ka mea ia kia whakaae nga mema ki taua Pire,
ki te wahi ranei o taua Pire e whai tikanga ana ki te
riihitanga whenua i roto i te taone o Kereimauta.
Ko Kapene PEREIHA. i ki kua pouri ia, no te mea
ekore ia e ahei te tautoko i te kupu a tona hoa, a Wi
Tako. Ko ia ano tetahi o te Komiti mo nga Piti-
hana o te motu i te wa i whakaarohia ai te tikanga o
te Whenua-Rahui Maori o Keremauta. He maha
nga rangi i kimihia ai; he nui nga korero-whakaatu
i whakarangona e ratou, a kitea ana e ratou e kore
e tika kia waiho taua whenua i te ringa o nga Maori
kia whakahaerea e ratou ake ano, no te mea tera e
hokona atu e ratou taua whenua, a ka noho mate a
ratou tamariki i muri iho, ka waiho hei kai-matai
noa. I whakaaro te Komiti he tika kia whakaaetia
he riihi tae ki te ono te kau tau ki nga tangata e
noho ana i aua whenua inaianei; engari i te mu-
tunga o te rua te kau ma tahi tau ka kimihia ano
te ritenga o te utu o aua riihi ka whakahoutia, a ka
pena ano i te mutunga o tetahi rua te kau ma tahi
tau, pena tonu taea noatia te mutunga. No konei
ia ka tautoko i taua Pire.
Ko te POONA i ki, ki tana whakaaro tera e kitea e
te Kaunihera he mea tika te kupu i kiia e te Heke-
retari mo te Koroni kia tukua ki tetahi Komiti
taua Pire tirotirohia ai, nui atu te tika i to te whaka-
ae ki ta Wi Tako i ki ai kia tukua atu kia ono ma-
rama ki muri panuitia tuaruatia ai, ara kia whaka-
mutua te whakaaro ki taua Pire inaianei. Ki
tana whakaaro, ki ta te Poona, me tuku ki tetahi
Komiti mana e hurihuri, kei reira te ata kimihia
ai nga tikanga kua korerotia nei; ko te ara tika tena
mo tenei mea nui, ehara hoki ia i te mea e pa ana ki nga
Maori anake na ratou nei taua whenua-rahui, engari
e pa ana ano ki etahi Pakeha tokomaha me nga tikanga
mo etahi taonga nui kei reira, kei taua whenua. E rua
tonu nga take kei roto i nga kupu whakahe i puta
mo taua mea tae noa mai ki tenei wa. Ko te kupu a
Wi Tako tetahi, i mea ra ia ehara i nga whenua anake
o te Waipounamu e pangia ana e taua Pire, engari
ko nga whenua o tenei motu hoki, o te Ika-a-
Maui nei—kaore hoki pea a Wi Tako e whaka-
he ana ki te paanga o taua Pire ki nga whenua
o te Waipounamu. Ko tetahi take, ko te kupu i
puta i a te Watarauhi, i ki ra ia he tika kia whaka-
korea tenei Pire hei tohu whakahe ki te mahi a te
Kawanatanga kaore nei ratou i whakahaere i nga
tikanga o te Ture o te tau 1873. Ki tana whakaaro
e kore enei take e rua nei e kiia hei take tika
e whakakahoretia ai taua Pire. He iti rawa nga
whenua me nga tangata Maori o tenei motu ki
raro nei e paangia e taua Pire. I kite ia i roto
i taua Pire; i roto hoki i te pukapuka whaka-
marama a te Make, kua wehewehea kia rima
ahua o aua whenua-rahui Maori; a kua kite hoki
ia ko te tikanga i roto i te Ture o te tau 1873
kua whakaaetia i te 2 o nga wharangi o te pukapuka
a te Make, kua whakaurua hoki taua tikanga ki roto
ki tenei Pire. Ko te kupu tenei a te Make i roto
i tana pukapuka whakamarama, ara,—
" No te mea i puta te whakaaro o te Runanga Nui
o Niu Tirani, i te hanganga o te Ture o te tau 1873,
kia whai reo nga Maori ki te whakahaeretanga o o
ratou whenua, na kua hoatu tenei mana ki a ratou
mo nga whenua-rahui o nga tikanga wha, rima hoki.
Ko nga moni reti i riro i roto i te tau 1875-76 mo
nga whenua i Kereimauta i tae rawa ki te £4,213 ;
na ko aua moni i riro katoa hei oranga mo nga
Maori e rua te kau tonu, tae ki te rua te
would know that already very substantial buildings
had been erected on the Native reserves ; and if
more reliable arrangements were come to between
the Natives and Europeans, there was not the least
doubt that most substantial and valuable buildings
would be erected in the place. For these reasons he
hoped honorable members would agree to the passing
of this Bill, or at least the clause which referred to
the leasing of the land in the town of Greymouth.
The Hon. Captain FRASER was very sorry he could
not support the amendment of his honorable friend
Mr. Wi Tako. He was on the Public Petitions Com -
mittee when the question of the Greymouth Native
Reserve came under consideration. It was before
the Committee for several days; they had ample
evidence upon it, and arrived at the conclusion that
it would be a very dangerous thing to place that
reserve in the hands of the Maori people, because
they would sell the land, and their families and
children be left beggars. The Committee formed
the opinion that it was very desirable that sixty years'
leases, with a fresh assessment at the end of every
twenty-one years, should be given to those who were
at present in the occupation of the reserves. For
that reason he was bound to support this Bill as it
stood.
The Hon. Mr. BONAR thought that the proposal
which had been made by the Colonial Secretary was
oue which would commend itself to the Council as
being a more fair and equitable mode of dealing with
this Bill than accepting the amendment of the Hon.
Mr. Ngatata to postpone the second reading of the
Bill for six months without any further consideration.
In his opinion, reference to a Select Committee, where
the matters that had been alluded to could be more
thoroughly dealt with, would be the proper course to
adopt with reference to a measure such as this, which
really affected not only the Maori proprietors of the
reserve, but also a very large number of European
proprietors and many important and valuable
interests. With reference to the objections that
had been taken to the measure up to the present
time, he thought they really comprised only two
questions. One was that named by the Hon. Mr.
Ngatata, that the Bill interfered not only with lands
in the Middle Island—to which he understood the
honorable gentleman did not object—but also with
lands in the North Island ; and the other point was
that started by the Hon. Mr. Waterhouse, that
because the Act of 1873 had not been brought into
operation it was right that a protest should be
entered against the action of the Government in
that respect. He apprehended that neither of those
objections would be considered sufficient to lead to
the postponement of the Bill. Only a very small
section of lands in the North Island, and very few
of the Natives there, would be affected by the opera-
tion of this Bill. He found, on reference to the Bill,
and to the memorandum of Mr. Mackay, that the
Native reserves were classified into five different sec-
tions ; and in page 2 of Mr. Mackay's report he •
found a recognition of the principle which was
affirmed by the Act of 1873, and which was given
effect to in the Bill now proposed to be read a second
time. Mr. Mackay, in his memorandum, said,—
" The Assembly, in passing the Act of 1873, having
declared its belief that it was advisable that the
Natives should have a voice in the management of
their lands, this right has been extended to them in
the case of reserves of the fourth and fifth class."
With reference to the lands in Greymouth, he
found that during the year 1875-76 there had been
no less a sum than £4,213 received from the rents
of those reserves, and, as had been stated by the

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
13
kau ma rima, i korero ra hoki te Hekeretari mo te
Koroni. Na, ka kite te Kaunihera he nui nga
Pakeha, nui atu i te 500, e paangia ana e nga tikanga
o aua whenua-rahui, he tangata noho reti katoa ratou.
Me whakaatu hoki ia he nui nga moni a aua Pakeha
i whakapaua hei whakaora i taua whenua a nga
Maori ra, he moni takoha etahi, he moni kohikohi na
ratou etahi o aua moni. E mohio ana nga mema ki
nga waipuke nui e puta tonu ana i taua awa i te Ma-
whera. He wahi nui o taua whenua-rahui Maori kua
riro atu i aua waipuke; a me i kore te moni nui a
aua Pakeha i pau i te mahinga o taua whenua penei
kua kino katoa, kua kore hoki nga Maori e tango i
nga moni nui mo nga reti e tango tonu nei ratou
inaianei, he iti rawa hoki nga moni i ahu mai i te taha
Maori mo te hanganga o aua whenua i ora ai. Te-
tahi, ki tana whakaaro he mea nui kia pumau tonu
nga whakaritenga me nga whakaaetanga katoa,
ahakoa he mea ata tuhituhi marire he mea mohio
ranei i roto i nga kupu a te Komihana mo te taha
Maori. E tino kitea ana tenei i roto i te pukapuka a
te Komihana. Inahoki e ki ana a ia,—
" Me tino whakatuturu taua tikanga mo nga ta-
ngata kei a ratou nga riihi whenua-rahui Maori i
Poutini, me whakatuturu rawa ki nga tangata i a
ratou nga riihi i Arahura, i runga i te kupu whakaari
mo te whakahoutanga o o ratou riihi, no te mea i
whakaaria ano ki a ratou ka whakahoutia o ratou
riihi, i runga i te kake tika ake o te utu reti, i te
mutunga o nga tau e mana aua inaianei. I runga i
to ratou mahara he tino kapu tuturu tenei kua wha-
katuria e ratou etahi whare papai me etahi atu
whakapainga, tae atu ana te ritenga o aua mea i
mahia e ratou ki runga ake o te £40,000, apiti atu ki
te moni i kohikohia e ratou mo te whakapaitanga i te
taone. No te paunga o tenei moni, hui ki te moni
mo etahi atu mea o te taone, no reira i rite ai ta ratou
kohikohi moni ki te £10 i roto i te £100, ia rau ia
rau, o te utu tau o o ratou whenua, ia tau ia tau."
Na, ahakoa e ki ana taua Pire kia roa nga takiwa
o nga reti, engari e ki ana ano hoki kia whakahoutia
te ritenga o nga moni reti i te mutunga o ia rua tekau
ma tahi tau o ia rua tekau ma tahi tau. No reira ka
nui tonu nga painga e riro i nga Maori i runga i te
whakapaitanga o a ratou whenua, ara i te kake haere
o nga moni reti; me nga tangata hoki e noho ana i
taua whenua ka whai take tuturu e tika ai ratou, no
te mea e kore ano e paneke haere tetahi taone ki te
kore e ahua tuturu nga take o nga tangata noho ki te
whenua. Ka tautoko ia i taua Pire kia panuitia
tuaruatia.
Ko Kanara WITIMOA i ki ka tautoko ia i ta Wi
Tako no te mea he tika, ki tana whakaaro, kia ata
whakamatauria te ahua o taua Ture i ata whakaarohia
a whakaturia ana i te tau 1873—taihoa e whakakorea
taua Ture kia kitea tona ahua. Ki tana titiro he
mea whakahe ki taua Pire nga pitihana katoa a nga
Maori, a he tika kia ata titiro ia (a te Witimoa) ki te
whakaaro a Wi Tako, no te mea kua mohio ia e kimi
tonu ana a Wi Tako ki te tikanga o taua mea i roto
i etahi wiki kua taha ake nei, i te ui hoki ia (a Wi
Tako) ki te whakaaro o etahi Maori e whai take ana
ki taua mea. E kore e tika kia tonoa te Kaunihera
kia kimihia he tikanga mo nga whenua Maori i te
mea kaore he takiwa hei rapunga ma ratou. E kore
e tika kia tonoa te Kaunihera kia tukua taua Pire ki
tetahi Komiti i tenei takiwa ka tata nei te mutu te
hui o te Paremete; no te mea e kore e taea e nga
mema, i roto i enei ra e ruarua e toe nei, te ata wha-
kaaro i enei Pire maha ke e takoto ana i o ratou
aroaro. No konei ia ka whakaaro e kore ia e he ina
whai ia ki te whakaaro o Wi Tako.
Colonial Secretary, this money had been received
mainly for the benefit of about twenty or twenty-
five Natives. The Council would see that a very
large European population—upwards of at least 500
tenants—were affected by this question of the
reserves. He would further add, in connection with
the occupation of these Native lands, that the lessees
had gone to very considerable expense indeed in the
shape of taxation and private subscriptions in order
to preserve this Native property. Honorable mem-
bers must be well aware of the very serious floods
which occurred from time to time in the Grey River.
They had cut away a very large portion of this Native
reserve; and without very considerable expenditure
having been incurred by the tenants, to which he
believed the Native Trust only contributed to a very
small extent, the whole of the property would have
been rendered utterly valueless, and the Natives
would not have been in receipt of the large rents
they are now obtaining. He thought also that it was
a matter of very considerable importance that
engagements, whether made directly by agreement
or implied by the Native Commissioner, should bo
maintained. This was borne out very fully by the
Commissioner's report with reference to the matter.
He said,—
" In the case of the tenants on the Native reserves
in Westland, but more especially in regard to the
tenantry at Greymouth, the above rule will have to
be faithfully observed in respect of the implied right
of renewal, as they have always been led to under-
stand that a renewal of their leases would be granted
them, at a moderately increased rent, at the end of
the subsisting term, depending ou the annual amount
of rental hitherto paid. On the faith of this, they
have erected substantial buildings and improvements
to the value of over £40,000, besides raising money
for town improvements. This last expenditure,
coupled with the outlay needed for other municipal
works, has necessitated their levying a tax equal to
10 per cent, on the annual value of their properties."
Now, although the Bill proposed to give leases for
a very considerable period, still it was proposed that
at the end of every twenty-one years the rentals
should be re-assessed. Therefore the Natives would
derive full benefit from the improvement of their
property by the increased rentals they would receive,
and the owners and occupiers would have had that
security of tenure without which no town could pos-
sibly progress. He would support the second read-
ing of the Bill.
The Hon. Colonel WHITMORE would support the
Hon. Mr. Ngatata in this matter, because he thought
that the Act which was passed in 1873, after careful
investigation, should be given a fair trial before it
was repealed. As far as he had been able to see, the
petitions which had been received from the Natives
were all against the Bill, and he was bound to pay
great deference to the opinion of the Hon. Mr. Nga-
tata, who he knew had treated the subject with great
attention for some weeks, and had made, he was led
to believe, every inquiry from people of his own race
who were interested in the matter. It was not right
that the Council should be asked to deal with lands
that belonged to the Natives, when there was so little
time to consider the matter. It was not right to ask
the Council to refer the Bill to a Select Committee
at this period of the session, because it would be im-
possible for members, during the few days that the
session would last, to do justice to the Bills which
were already before them. Under such circum-
stances he did not think he would be wrong in fol-
lowing the lead of the Hon. Mr. Ngatata.

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
Ko Takuta PORENA i ki me ata whakaaro nga me-
ma ka whakatuturu ai i tetahi kupu ma ratou. E
mea ana a ia kia tukua e ratou taua Pire kia panuitia
tuaruatia, muri iho ka tukua ki tetahi Komiti.
Kaore he tikanga e roa rawa ai te kimihanga a te
Komiti. He tangata matau a te Make ki nga tika-
nga o nga whenua-rahui Maori, tenei hoki ia kai
Werengitana e noho ana inaianei, a mehemea ka to-
noa ia kia haere mai ki te aroaro o te Komiti, e
matau ia ki te whakamarama i nga tikanga, nui rawa
atu i tana i ta te Porena e mohio ana. He iti rawa
nga whenua e paangia ana e taua Pire. Kua rongo
ia ko nga whenua-rahui kua roherohea i tenei motu
ki te Raki nei e nui atu ana i te kotahi miriona eka
me te hawhe, tena ko nga eka e paangia e tenei Pire
e 5,000 tonu tae ki te 6,000 mano. Ka mea ia kia
whakaae te Kaunihera kia panuitia tuaruatia taua
Pire, a ka tuku ai ki tetahi Komiti mana e hurihuri.
I te karangatanga kia wehea te Kaunihera, te 17 i
whakaae kia panuitia tuaruatia taua Pire, te 10 i
whakahe. Heoi, whakahengia ana te kupu a Wi
Tako, a panuitia tuaruatia ana te Pire.
[Hei tera putanga o te Waka ka panuitia atu e
matou nga korero a nga mema o te Whare ki Raro
mo tenei Pire. I whakarerea hoki taua Pire e taua
Whare, ara kihai i whakaaetia.]
Kua tukua, i te takiwa ki waenganui o Tihema
kua taha ake nei e 4,000 nga kuao Tamona (ika hou
nei a te Pakeha), ki roto ki nga awa o te matapuna
o te awa o Ngaruroro, Ahuriri. Hui katoa ka 30,000
o aua ika kua puta ki waho i nga hua, a tera e whitu,
e waru ranei, haerenga ki te kawe i aua ika ki te
awa ka rupeke katoa ai. E ki ana te Haake Pei
Herara, nupepa o Nepia, kia rima pea nga tau ki
muri te ki ai a Ngaruroro i taua ika. Kia toru tau
ka pakeke rawa enei kua tukua nei, engari ka whaka-
whanau i roto i nga tau e rua tonu. I te mutunga
o nga tau e rima kua whakawhanau hoki nga kuao o
enei kua tukua nei, hei reira ka tini-whaioio.
Kua hokona mai e nga Maori o te Takutai ki te
taha Hauauru tetahi kau tourawhi i tetahi Pakeha o
Katapere (Otautahi i tera motu), kotahi rau pauna,
£100, i utua ai. Ka kitea i tenei te kaha o aua
Maori ki te whakatupu kau.
Kua nui haere te mate hemokai i te taha tonga me
te taha hauauru o Inia, a kua anga te whakaaro o te
Kawanatanga ki taua mate inaianei. Kei tetahi
kainga e rima te kau mano, 50,000, tangata kua
whakamahia e te Kawanatanga kia whai oranga ai.
I tetahi atu kainga e rua te kau mano, 20,000,
tangata e whangaitia ana e te Kawanatanga ki te
raihi maoa. E matemate tonu ana nga kau i te kore
tarutaru hei kai ma ratou, he maha hoki nga tangata
whenua kua mate. He mano tini e kaewa noa atu
ana ki etahi wahi o te whenua, he mahara kei to
ratou kainga anake te mate.
E toru nga moutere rahi, me etahi tini moutere iti
iho kei Inia, kua hurihia e te ngaru moana i te 31
o Oketopa kua taha ake nei. E ono maero te roa o
te akau o te tuwhenua i hurihia ano hoki e taua
ngaru—he tupuhi nui hoki. Ko aua moutere katoa
e tata ana ki te ngutu-awa o tetahi awa nui e huaina
ana ko te Meakana. E rima rau maero tapawha te
rahi o te mea nui o aua moutere, nga tangata i noho
i taua moutere i rua rau e wha te kau mano tangata.
Hui katoa nga tangata i noho i era moutere e rua ka
kotahi rau mano. Kaore i kitea nga tohu o te mate
tae noa ki te 11 o nga haora i te po o te 31 o nga
ra o taua marama, otira kihai i tae ki te weheruatanga
o te po kua huri taua ngaru moana ki te whenua
katoa, e rua te kau putu te hohonu o te wai, ohorere
The Hon. Dr. POLLEN hoped that honorable
gentlemen would consider well before they came to
a decision on this matter. He trusted they would
permit the Bill to be read a second time, and then
referred to a Select Committee. The deliberations of
the Committee need not occupy a long time. Mr.
Mackay, who was an authority on the subject of
these Native reserves, was now in Wellington, and if
he were before the Committee he could, in a very
short time, give the Committee a great deal more
information and throw a great deal more light on the
subject than he (Dr. Pollen) could now attempt to
do. He was advised that the extent of land which
was affected by this Bill was very small. He was
informed that, whilst the reserves which had already
been made in the North Island amounted to con-
siderably more than a million and a half of acres of
land, the number of acres which would be affected
by the operation of the Bill was not more than 5,000
or 6,000 at the outside. He hoped the Council
would allow the Bill to be read a second time, and
referred to a Select Committee.
Ou a division being called for, 17 voted for the
second reading and 10 against it. The amendment
of Wi Tako was consequently negatived, and the Bill
read a second time.
[In our next we shall give our readers a report of
the discussion on this Bill in the House of Repre-
sentatives, where it was discharged on the 28th of
October last.]
About the middle of December last, 4,000 young
salmon were let loose in the head-waters of the
Ngaruroro River, Ahuriri. About 30,000 altogether
have been hatched, and it will take seven or eight
journeys to distribute them all. It may be estimated,
says the Hawke's Bay Herald, that it will take about
five years before the Ngaruroro will be a good salmon
river. The fish now born will be full-grown in three
years, but will spawn in two. By the end of five
years a second generation will have spawned, and the
numbers will then have to be reckoned by billions.
It is significant of the enterprise of the West
Coast Natives as stock-breeders that some of them
lately purchased a bull from a celebrated Canterbury
breeder for £100.
The famine in Southern and Western India has
increased, and now occupies official attention ex-
clusively. At Billory, Madras Presidency, 50,000
people are employed on the relief works. At Shola-
pore, Bombay, 20.000 are being fed with cooked rice
at the Government expense. Cattle are dying for
want of fodder, and many deaths of Coolies have
taken place from starvation and cholera. Thousands
wander not knowing where, thinking the famine to
be local.
Three large islands, Hattiah, Sundeep, and Aakin.
Shahabozhare, and numerous smaller islands included
in the Backergunge, Norhkelly, and Chittagong dis-
tricts, were entirely submerged by a storm wave on
the 31st of October, as was also the mainland for five
or six miles. These islands are all in or near the
estuary of the River Meagna, India. The largest,
Aakin Shahabozahare, was 500 square miles in extent,
and had a population of about 240,000. Hattiah
and Sundeep together are estimated at about 100,000.
Up to 11 o'clock on the night of this 31st there were
no signs of danger; but before midnight the wave
had swept over the country to a depth in many places
of twenty feet, surprising the people in their beds.
Dense groves of cocoanut and palm trees around the

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
15
ake ana nga tangata i o ratou moenga. He tokomaha
o ratou i piki ki runga ki nga rakau hokonaiti, me
etahi atu tu rakau, a ora ana era; he maha hoki nga
motu o aua rakau e karapoti ana i nga kainga. Ko
etahi i rere ki runga ki nga tuanui o nga whare, a
pakaru ana nga whare riro atu ana ki te moana.
Kaore he whare i aua motu, i te akau hoki o te
tuwhenua e hangai ana ki aua motu, i kore ai e ngaro
etahi o nga tangata o roto. He nui te mate-kai o
nga morehu, ko te Kawanatanga hoki kai te whangai
i a ratou. Ko te nuinga o nga tangata o aua kainga
kua mate katoa i taua ngaru. E korerotia ana he nui
te haunga o te whenua katoa i te tupapaku, mea ake
pea paangia ai nga morehu e te mate tupu mai i taua
haunga.
Kotahi rau e rua te kau mano tangata i mate rawa
i te tupuhi i te taha ki te Rawhiti o Inia. Ko to
Kawanatanga e whakarite tikanga ana hei oranga
mo nga morehu.
Tena te korero-waea i tukua mai i Akarana, a
panuitia ana i te Iwiningi Poihi, nupepa o Werengi-
tana, e ki ana,—"Tera te mea whanoke rawa kei
Rotorua. Tera nga puia kei te ngutu-awa o tetahi
awa wai mahana e heke mai ana i te moana o Roto-
mahana ki Karamea. Kua te kau ma tahi marama i
noho ai tetahi tamaiti Maori i roto i tetahi puna wai
he mea maringi mai i aua puia. E ngaro katoa ana
tona tinana ki roto ki taua puna tae noa ki te kaki.
He mate no roto i tetahi o ona turi, mamae rawa ana.
Na ona matua ia i kawe ki taua puna, he mahara ma
reira ka ora. Te taenga ki roto ki taua wai, ngaro
whakarere ana te mamae; ka hoki mai ki uta ka
hoki mai hoki te mamae. Katahi ia ka tohe kia
noho tonu ia i roto i taua wai, a waiho ana kia noho
ana e ona matua. E noho tonu ana ki raro ki te
whenua i roto i taua wai, ko tona mahunga e urunga-
tia ana ki te otaota. Ka rua marama e noho ana,
katahi ka kore rawa e pai te tango mai ki tahaki.
Ka mauria mai ki uta, ka nui rawa atu te mamae, ka
maro tonu tona tinana, pakeke ana tera. Ka whaka-
hokia ki roto ki te wai ka mutu te mamae, ka nga-
wari te tinana, ka korikori pai noa atu te tamaiti ra.
Kua te kau ma tahi tenei nga marama e noho ana
ki roto ki taua wai, he mea hanga ki te whare a
runga. Ko ona matua kai te whangai i a ia. E
matau ana a ia ki etahi kupu kotahitahi o te reo
.Pakeha; tono ai hoki ki te paraoa mana i nga
manuhiri haere ki reira. Kua hauaitu noa tona
tinana, pu ana nga iwi ki waho, engari ko te kanohi
e pai tonu ana te ahua. Ko te kiri o nga ringa me
etahi atu wahi o te tinana kua ahua koma i te ngau-
nga a te wai.
I te nohoanga o te Kooti Whenua Maori ki Pora-
ngahau, i te Parairei, (te 8 o Tihema), i whakaaetia ma
Renata Kawepo ratou ko ona hoa te pukapuka wha-
kamaharatanga take mo Ohaoko, ara ka tuturu ki a
ratou taua wahi — ko te Rokena te Kai-whakawa.
Nga eka katoa o taua wahi ka 164,000. Engari
136,000 tonu i whakaurua ki taua pukapuka whaka-
tuturu take. E 28,000 eka nga toenga, he mea rahui
ia hei whenua kura; ko te pukapuka whakatuturu
take mo taua wahi i puritia, kia oti marire te mapi
ka tuku ai.
I noho te Kooti Whenua Maori ki Porangahau i
te Taitei, (te 7 o Tihema nei) ; ko te Rokena te Kai-
whakawa. Heoi te mahi nui a taua Kooti ko te
wehewehenga o Mangangarara, 14,226 eka o taua
wahi. Kua korero ke noa atu kia wahia taua whe-
nua, engari na nga raruraru i roa ai, na te mahi
whakararuraru marire hoki a tetahi hunga e whakahe
aua ki te Kooti Whenua.
I te Parairei, (te 8 o Tihema), ka hui te huuri ki
villages enabled many to save themselves by climbing
the branches. Some took refuge on the tops of their
houses ; but the water burst the houses asunder, and
swept them to sea. There is scarcely a household in
the islands or on the adjacent coast but what lost
many members. There is much distress among the
survivors, which the Government is relieving. It is
believed that not a third of the population has sur-
vived. The stench from the putrifying bodies is
insufferable. A general outbreak of cholera is ex-
pected.
A hundred and twenty thousand persons perished
in the cyclone which passed through Eastern Bengal.
The Government is taking active measures for the
relief of the sufferers.
A telegram from Auckland, published in the
Evening Post, of Wellington, says:—" A physio-
logical phenomenon of an unprecedented character
has attracted notice to the Rotorua country. At the
outlet of a small warm stream flowing from Lake
Rotomahana into Karamea, there are several hot-
water springs. In a bath which receives the over-
flow from one of these springs a Maori boy, about
thirteen years old lived, uninterruptedly for eleven
months, his whole body up to the neck being im-
mersed. He was suffering from disease of the knee
attended with acute pain. He was brought to the
bath by his parents in the hope of ejecting a cure.
He found almost instant relief, but upon leaving the
bath the pains returned with greater intensity. He
then-exhibited the strongest reluctance to get out of
the water, and was permitted to remain in it con-
tinuously, sitting on the bottom with a support of
fern for his head. After a month or two his removal
became impossible. When the lad was taken out of
the bath he suffered most excruciating agony, and
became rigid. Upon returning to the bath the pain
ceased, and he was able to move about in the water
with freedom and ease. He has now remained in
this position for eleven mouths, under a roof of
thatch. His parents supply him with food. He
speaks a few disjointed words of English, and asks
visitors for bread. He has wasted away until the
body is reduced to a living skeleton, the face still
presenting fair proportions. The skin on the boy's
hands and other portions of his body has turned to a.
whitish water-worn hue, resembling that produced
by soda in warm water."
At the sitting of the Native Land Court held at
Porangahau on Friday (December 8), before his
Honor Judge Rogan, the order for the memorial
of ownership for the Ohaoko Block in favour of Re-
nata Kawepo and the list of owners claiming with
him, was confirmed. The total area of the block is
164,000 acres. The order, however, only relates to
136,000 acres. The memorial of ownership for the
remainder of the block—28,000 acres—which is to
be set apart as a, Native school endowment reserve,
was withheld, pending the completion of the map.—
Hawke's Bay Herald.
His Honor Judge Rogan presided at a sitting of
the Native Land Court, held at Porangahau ou
Thursday (December 7) and following days. The
business before the Court was mainly of a
character relating to the subdivision of the Manga-
ngarara Block, containing 14,226 acres. For some
time past the subdivision of this valuable estate has
been on the tapis; but the difficulties surrounding
the case, and the thwarting opposition thrown in the
way by a certain faction opposed to the operations of
the Land Court, delayed proceedings.—H.B. Herald.
An   inquest   was   held   at   Marton   on   Friday

16
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
Maatana, Rangitikei, ki te kimi i te take i mate ai a
Waihana Rotu, he Maori, i taka i tona hoiho i te
Wenerei i tua atu, he haurangitanga. Kiia ana e te
huuri he mea kite ia, e takoto mate ana. Kaore he
tohu patunga i te tinana. E haere tahi ana taua
tangata ratou ko etahi Maori ki te pa, no te takanga
i tana hoiho ka mahue i kona takoto ai e ona hoa, he
mahara tera e haere mai ki te pa i muri i a ratou ina
ora ake. I te aonga ake ka tirohia, kua mate.
Kotahi te tamaiti kua mate ki Hoterene (Kirikiri,
Waihou)—te take, e ki ana i horomia e ia tetahi wahi
kapia, he ngau nana.
Ko Na Mata te ingoa o te nupepa Maori tuatahi
kua timataia te mahi ki Whiitii inaianei. Ko te nu-
pepa Pakeha o reira e whakapai ana ki taua nupepa, a e
tumanakohia ana taua nupepa hei tika pea mo nga
tangata Maori o Whiitii—he mea ta hoki ki to
ratou reo.
Ko tetahi tamaiti, ko Wiremu te ingoa, i mate ki
Akarana, kihai i tiakina te tinana i muri iho, a kainga
rawatia ana e te kuri.
HE RETA.
KUA tukua mai ki a matou tenei reta kia panuitia
atu e matou i roto i te Waka Maori:—
Te Muriwai, Hanuere 2nd, 1877.
Ki a Ta Tanara Makarini.
E hoa, tenarakoe. Tenei tau reta kua tae mai ki
au o te tahi o nga ra o Tihema ; a, tenei au te mihi
nei, te koa nei, te tangi nei, ki au korero. Ko tenei,
e kore hoki e rere ke te whakaaro i a tatou korero
o mua. Ngaro atu to hoa, a Ihaka Whanga, ko ahau
anake e ora nei i a tatou whakaaro. E whakaae ana
ahau ki tenei kupu, kia atawhai ki te Pakeha raua ko
te Maori. He tika kai a koe—ko te ora tena. Ki
taku whakaaro e kore e rere ke taku atawhai i te
Kawanatanga me ana apiha; a ka pumau tonu ahau
ki a koe me ou hoa i whakaritea e koe i muri i a koe.
E whakapai ana ahau ki a koe mou i atawhai i nga
Maori katoa o te motu nei i roto i nga tau maha kua
hori ake nei. Kia ora koe. E kore pea au e kite i
a koe a muri atu, koia ahau i pouri ai. Heoi nga
tangi ki a koe. Ma te Atua koe e tiaki e atawhai.
Na to hoa aroha,
IHAKA NGARANGIOUE.
KO TE KUPU A TE KOMITI MO RUNGA I TE PUKA-
PUKA-INOI A WARETINI TUAINUKU ME ONA
HOA E 5.
E TONO ana nga kai-inoi kia tukua atu he kai-ruri ki
te whakatuturu i nga rohe o etahi porowhita kei
Horowhenua i whakaritea e te Kawanatanga, e ki
ana hoki ratou ko o ratou mahinga kai kua whaka-
rarurarua e Muaupoko.
Kua whakahaua ahau kia ki penei atu ki te Whare ;
—E whakaaro ana te Komiti me titiro e te Kawana-
tanga tenei mea kia tere ai te kore atu nga mate e
pouritia nei i roto i nga kupu o te pukapuka-inoi.
JOHN BRYCE,
Hepetema 6, 1876.Tumuaki.
(December 8), on the body of Waihana Rotu, a Maori,
who fell off his horse in a drunken fit on the previous
Wednesday evening, and was found dead the fol-
lowing morning. There were no marks of violence,
and the jury returned a verdict of " Found dead."
The deceased was riding to the pa in company with
several other Natives who, thinking he would come
on to the pa when he had slept off his drunkenness,
abandoned him.—Manawatu Times.
A boy has died at Shortland through swallowing,
it is said, a piece of kauri gum which he was chewing.
Na Mata is the name of the first native Fiji news-
paper, which has recently made its appearance. It
is reported of favourably by the Levuka press, and it is
hoped that it will be very useful amongst the natives
of the Fijian group of islands, in whose language it
is printed.—New Zealand Press News.
The body of a child in Auckland, named Wiremu,
neglected after death, was entirely eaten by dogs.
A LETTER.
THE following letter has been handed to us for publi-
cation in the Waka Maori:—
Te Muriwai, January 2nd, 1877.
To Sir Donald McLean,—
Friend, Salutations. I have received the letter
which you wrote me on December the 1st. I greet
your words with joy and yet sorrow (at your leaving
the Government). However, there will be no change
or departure from the good-feeling which has existed
among us. Even though your old friend Ihaka
Whanga has passed away, and I alone remain to
bear witness of our mutual friendship in times past,
I fully approve of your words to be loving to both
Europeans and Natives. Tou are right—therein is
safety; but in my mind there will be no deviation
from the love to the Government and to their officers.
I myself will steadfastly adhere to you, and those
whom you have appointed to come after you.
I thank you for all your love to the Native in-
habitants or this island during the many past years.
May you have prosperity! I sorrow because I may
never see you more. This concludes my farewell to
you. May God preserve you, and be gracious to
you!
From your loving friend,
IHAKA NGARANGIOUE.
REPORT   OF NATIVE  COMMITTEE  ON  THE  PETI-
TION OF WARETINI TUAINUKU AND  5 OTHERS.
PETITIONERS pray that surveyors be sent to deter-
mine the boundaries of certain reserves at Horo-
whenua set apart by the Government, and complain
that their cultivations thereon have been disturbed
by the Muaupoko.
I am directed to report that, in the opinion of the
Committee, the attention of the Government should
be given to this matter, in order that the grievances
complained of in the petition be removed as soon as
possible.
JOHN BRYCE,
6th September, 1876.Chairman.
Printed under the authority of the New Zealand Government by GEORGE DIDSBURY, Government Printer, Wellington-

SUPPLEMENT TO THE WAKA MAORI.
VOL. 13.]PO NEKE, TUREI, HANUERE 9, 1877.                      [No. 1.
TE MATENGA O TA TANARA MAKARINI.
TENEI kei roto i te pouritanga nui o te ngakau ka
whakaatu matou ki o matou hoa  Maori i te matenga
o Ta Tanara Makarini.    I mate  ia  ki  Nepia i te
tahanga o te ra i te Parairei, te 5 o nga ra o Hanuere
nei.    E mohio aua matou kei te taenga atu o tenei
rongo pouritanga nui ki ona hoa tawhito, ona hoa i
kite i tona ahua aroha pono ki a ratou i roto i nga
tau inaha kua hori ake nei, akuanei me te mea e
werohia ana o ratou manawa ki tetahi mamae nui
rawa tona ahua, a ka tau te pouri ki runga ki te iwi
Maori nui tonu o te motu, ka ngakau-koingo tonu ka
tangi tonu ratou ki to ratou hoa pai.    E tika aua kia
tangi ratou ki toua ngaronga.    Ki ta matou whaka-
aro kaore he iwi tangata whenua, penei  me  te iwi
Maori, o te ao katoa atu i kite i tetahi hoa pono, u o
te whakaaro aroha, i rite ki a Ta Tanara Makarini te
nui o tona aroha me toua mahi whakahoa ki te iwi
Maori o Niu Tirani.    He tohe tonu tana i roto i nga
takiwa katoa kia puta he oranga mo nga Maori, a kia
ora tonu ratou hei iwi ki te ao nei.    Kua tino mohio
matou ki te ahua o  Ta Tanara Makarini, kua nui
rawa hoki o matou tau e matau ana ki a ia me te
titiro tonu ki tona ahua, a kitea ana e matou he
tangata manaaki-tangata ia, he tangata ngakau-aroha,
he hoa pono rawa.    Ko tenei ahua me enei whakaaro
pai ona i kitea e te iwi Maori katoa puta noa ki te
motu  katoa, a  whakamoemititia  ana hoki e ratou
katoa ; na taua ahua pai hoki ona, hui ki tona mana-
wanui, me tona tika, me toua pono, i nui rawa ai tona
mana ki te iwi Maori, na taua mana ona hoki ki nga
Maori i ahei ai ia te whakaputa i ana mahi nui hei
painga mo tenei koroni, e kore hoki e taea te whaka-
aro nga tikanga nui i roto i aua mahi a ana.
Ki ta te tangata, ta te hanga pura, pohehe, tana
whakaaro, he mate nui tenei kaore nei ia i waiho kia
noho ana i roto i etahi tau hei okiokinga mona i muri
iho o tana mahi roa i roto i nga tau maha, tana mahi
uaua whakahoha rawa hei tika mo te motu ; otira,
kua mea te Kai-whakahaere o tenei ao me tera ao
katoa kia tangohia atu ia i roto i a tatou—a " e kore
ranei e tika te mahi a te Kai-whakarite mo te whenua
katoa ?" Ko te tangata Whakapono, e kore e wehi ki
te mate ; heoi tonu tona tikanga o te mate he whaka-
whiti kau atu i tenei ao o te mamae me te mate, ki
tera ao o te haringa me te koanga rawatanga, A, e
tumanakohia ana e matou taua whakawhitinga (ara,
taua matenga) a Ta Tanara Makarini, kia waihotia
hei kororiatanga moua, hei oranga rawatanga; a ko
ona whanaunga e pouri nei e aue nei kia pera ta
ratou kupu me ta Rawiri, ara, " E Ihowa, e matau
ana matou he tika ou whakaritenga whakawa; a he
pono nou i pehia ai o matou ngakau e koe."
DEATH OF SIR DONALD McLEAN.
WITH feelings of heartfelt sorrow we communicate
to  our Maori readers   the   sad  intelligence  of  the
death of Sir  Donald  McLean,  which   occurred at
Napier, on   Friday afternoon, the  5th of  January
instant.    Well do we know that this intelligence will
communicate a pang of the most acute anguish to
the hearts of those who have so long known him as
a firm  and honest friend, and that it will spread a
pall of gloom over the entire Native population, and
plunge  them into the most profound grief.     And
well may they mourn his loss.    We doubt if any
aboriginal race in the world ever had a more earnest
and staunch friend than the late Sir Donald McLean
was to the Natives of New Zealand.    He was, at all
times, actuated by an earnest desire to promote their
welfare and to do his utmost to preserve their ex-
istence as a people in the world.    From an intimate
knowledge of the late Sir Donald McLean's character,
acquired during  a  connection with   him extending
over a long series of years, we are able to say that
he was a benevolent and kind-hearted man, and a
warm and enduring friend.   These sterling attributes
of his character were well known to, and appreciated
by, the Native population throughout the country ;
and in them, added to his patience, honesty, and
truthfulness, lay the sole secret of his immense in-
fluence with  the Native  race,  an  influence  which
enabled him to render services to this  colony the
vast importance of which can hardly be estimated.
To us, poor short-sighted mortals as we are, it
appears hard that he should not have been spared to
enjoy a few years of retirement and quiet rest after
his long and unusually arduous and harassing career
in the service of his adopted country ; but the great
Ruler of the universe has seen fit to take him from
among us, and " shall not the Judge of all the earth
do right?" To the Christian, death has no terrors;
it is simply a change from a life of pain and trouble
to a life of happiness and joy. We trust that to Sir
Donald McLean that change has been a glorious one,
and that his sorrowing relatives may be able to ex-
claim, with David, "We know, O Lord, that thy
judgments are right, and that thou in faithfulness
hast afflicted us."