TE    WAKA    M AORI
O    NIU    TIRANI.
——————+——————
"KO   TE  TIKA, KO  TE  PONO, KO  TE  AROHA."
VOL. 13.]PO NEKE, TUREI, HURAE 3, 1877.                      [No. 11.
HE KUPU WHAKAATU KI NGA HOA TUHI MAI.
He moni kua tae mai:—£   s. d.    i
Na Erueti Taputo, o te Kura Oromahoe, Peiwhai-
rangi, mo
1877.—Tane Haratua, Oromahoe, Peiwhairangi ...    O 10    O
„        Henare Wiremu, Oromahoe, Peiwhairangi   O 10    O
„        John Higginson, Oromahoe, Peiwhairangi    O 10    O
„        Erueti Taputo, Oromahoe, Peiwhairangi...    O 10    O
Na te Kahikoaine, o Tarawera, Taupo, mo
1877.—Hohepa Harawira, o Tarawera, Taupo     ...    O 10    O
„        Mei te Kata, o Tarawera, Taupo...    010    O
Na te Paraone, Komihana, Taranaki, mo
1877.—Mahau, Waitara, Taranaki                       ...    010   O
Na te Paaka, mo
1877.—Paraone, Uawa, Tai Rawhiti...    O 10    O
„        Matiu te Hu (Edwards), Otakou, (Tae ki
Pepuere, 1878)...    O 10    O
„        John Miller, Purakaunui, Otakou (Tae ki
.    Tihema, 1877)...    O 10   O
John  Macpherson, Esq., Matata   (Tae ki
Akuhata, 1877)                                           ...    O 10    O
John Macpherson, Esq., Matata, (Tae ki Aku-                   i
hata, 1878)...    O 10    O
„        Arekehanara Kenere, Nepia                      ...    010    O
Rev. Tamihana Huata, o te Wairoa, Haake
Pei-    O 10    O
„        Perereka Tarowa,   o Waipukurau,  Haake
Pei.E rua nga Waka...    1    O    O
„        H. S. Tipene, Nepia...    010    O
D. Korana, Nepia...    0 10    0
Na te Raka, Kai-whakawa, o Nepia, mo
1877.—Hapuku, o te Aute, Nepia...    O 10    O
„        Paora Ropiha, o Porangahau...    010   U
„        Ihaka Tamaki, o Pakirikiri, Turanga        ...    O 10   O
Na A. P. Ratikiriwhi, o Whangaroa, mo
1877.—Wi te Tuhera Weka, o Mahinepua, Wha-
ngaroa, Akarana•••    0 10 0
Na J. S. Mahita, o Nepia, mo                                   
1877.\_Hoani te Wainohu, o Mohaka, Haake Pei    O 10    U
Na Wiremu Mirina, o Tuparoa, mo
1877.— Rev. R. Kawhia, Tuparoa, Tai Rawhiti   ...    010    U
Eruera Kawhiado.              do.        ...    O 10    O
Wiremu Tahata          do.              do.       ...    O 10    O
NOTICES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
Subscriptions received :—£   s.  d.
From Edward M. Tabuteau,  Esq,.   of Oromahoe
School, Bay of Islands, for
1877-—Tane    Haratua,   of   Oromahoe,   Bay   of
Islands...    O 10   O
„        Henry Williams,  of   Oromahoe,  Bay   of
Islands...    O 10   O
„        John   Higginson,   of  Oromahoe,  Bay  of
Islands...    O 10   O
„        Edward M. Tabuteau, of Oramahoe, Bay
of Islands...    O 10   O
From Sub-Inspector Gascoigne, of Tarawera, Taupo,
for
1877.—Hohepa Harawira, of Tarawera, Taupo ...    O 10   O
.,        Mei te Kata, of Tarawera, Taupo...    010    O
From Mr. Commissioner Brown, of Taranaki, for
1877.—Mahau, of Waitara, Taranaki...    O 10   O
From S. A. Parker, Esq., for
1877.—Paraone, of Tolago Bay...            ...    O 10   O
Matiti te  Hu (Edwards),  Otago   Heads
(Up to February, 1878)...    010   O
„       John  Miller,  Purakaunui,   Otago.      (To
December, 1877)...    O 10   O
John Macpherson, Esq., Matata, Bay of
Plenty.    (To August, 1877)...    010   O
John Macpherson, Esq.,  Matata, Bay of
Plenty.   (To August, 1878)...    010   O
Alexander  Kennedy, Esq., Napier  (from
No. 1)...    O 10   O
Rev.  Tamihana   Huata,   of   Te   Wairoa,
Hawke's Bay (from No. 1)...    010    O
„        Frederick    Drower,    Esq.,   Waipukurau,
Hawke's Bay (2 copies from No. 1)...    100
H. S. Tiffen, Esq., Napier (from No. 1)  ...    O 10   O
,',        D. Gollan, Esq., Napier (from No. 1)     ...    O 10    O
From S. Locke, Esq;, R.M., Napier, for
1877.—Hapuku, Te Aute, Napier (from No. 1) ... O 10 O
Paora Ropiha, Porangahau (from No. 1) O 10 O
Ihaka Tamaki, Pakirikiri (from No. 1)
Gisborne...    O 10   O
From A. P. Ratcliffe, Esq., Whangaroa for
!877—Wi   te   Tuhera   Weka,    of   Mahinepua,
Whangaroa, Auckland (from No' 1) ...    O 10 O
From J. S. Master, Esq., of Napier for
1877 —Hoani te Wainohu, of Mohaka, Hawke's
Bay (from No. 1)...    O 10   O
From William Miller, Esq., of Tuparoa, for
1877 —Rev. R. Kawhia, Tuparoa, East Cape (from
No. 1)...    O 10    O
Eruera Kawhia. Tuparoa, East Cape (from
No. 1)    O 10   O
Wiremu  Tahata,    Tuparoa,    East    Cape,
(from No. 1)...     O 10    O

154TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
1877.—Wiremu Hakopa         do.             do.       ...    O 10O
Na Rihari Wunu, Kai-whakawa, Whanganui, mo
1876.—Meiha Topia                                                 ...    O 10O
1876-7.—Hori te Hana                                          ...    1    OO
v    1877.—Meiha Keepa                                              ...    O 10O
„       Tukaiora, o Hiruharama                           ...    010O
„       Te Pikikotuku                                          ...    010O
„       Hoani Paiaka                                             ...    O 10O
„        Te Mamaku                                               ...    O 10O
„       Tuhaia                                                        ...    O 10O
„       Hakaraia Korako                                       ...    O 10O
Na Hohepa Piriti, Wairarapa, mo
1877.—Ngarori Wi Tamihana, o te Oreore.         ...    O 10O
£19   OO
MEI TE KATA raua ko HOHEPA HARAWIRA, o Tarawera,
Taupo.—Ka tukuna atu a korua nupepa ki ta korua e ki mai
nei.
HEMI HIPI, o Waikouaiti.—Kihai i mutu te haere o te
nupepa ki a koe. E mohio ana matou he tokomaha nga Maori
o tango poka noa ana i nga nupepa i roto i nga Potapeta ; haere
ai hoki ki reira rupahu ai ko ratou nga tangata mana aua
nupepa. Na, he tahae tenei, e tika ana hoki ki te ture kia
whiua, a ma nga tangata na ratou aua nupepa e mea kia
whakawakia aua tu koroke ki te mea ka kitea ratou. Heoi ta
matou ko te tuku i nga nupepa ki te Potapeta kia kawea ki nga
kainga o nga tangata mana, a ko tena e ata mahia ana ano e
matou. Ki te mea ka whakaatu mai koe i nga mea e ngaro ana,
ma matou e hoatu he mea hou.
KINGI .NGATUERE, o Kerei Taone, Wairarapa.—Ko a matou
kupu ki a koe he pera ano me nga kupu i tuhia ki a Hemi Hipi
ki runga ake nei.
Ko Nga Waka, timata i te Nama 8 tae ki te Nama 10 kua
tukuna i tenei meera ki nga tangata kai raro iho nei o ratou
ingoa, ara ki ia tangata ki ia tangata o ratou ;—Kereama
Herangi, Tuiti te Au, Wirihana Kaipara, me te Rore Puke-
kohatu, o Wairau katoa; ki a te Keepa Ngakona hoki, o
Waipapa, Kaikoura.
WIREMU KINGI TE APAAPA, o Turanganui.—Kua tukuna
atu te Waka ki a koe. Me homai e koe nga moni ki a Kapene
Poata.
RANIERA ERIHANA, o Waikouaiti.—Kua tae mai tau reta e
whakahe na koe ki te Kai-whakawa mo tona aroha i puta i te
whakawa mo te tahaetanga i nga hipi. Ki ta matou whakaaro
kaua e panuitia taua reta; tera ano pea he take tika te take i
pera ai tana mahi.
TAMATI ARAMA, o Turanganui.—Kua panuitia i te Nama 9
nga moni i homai e koe. Kua tukua atu nga nupepa ki a koe.
S. A. PAAKA, o Uawa.—Tenei kua tae mai te kotahi pauna i
tukua mai e koe, ara te 10s. mo te Paraone, ko tetahi te 10s.
kihai i whakahuatia mai e koe te ingoa o te tangata nana.
.Engari me whakaatu mai e koe te ingoa me te kainga o te
tangata nana i homai aua moni.
Te Rev. MATIAHA PAHEWA, o Tokomaru, Tai Rawhiti.—Ka
nui to matou pai me he mea ka ata korerotia mai e koe te
matenga o Pehi i nga iwi o Ngaitahu, me te kohurutanga o te
Maiharanui, me te whakaoranga a te Tuahu i te tamaiti ra, i a
Riria—kaua rawa tena e whakarerea.
MAIKA HIKATOA, Waikaraka, Tai Rawhiti.—Te kau herengi
i te tau te utu mo te Waka, me homai i te timatanga o te tau
aua moni.
W. T. PARAONE, Open Bay, Tai Rawhiti.—Kaore i kitea e
matou nga ingoa o nga tangata tokotoru e ki mai na koe.
ROPOAMA TIMOTI, o Waikawa, Pikitara,.—Me he mea i
homai ki mua o moni mo te Waka Maori kua tika, ara ko Aku-
hata kua taha nei te homaitanga tika mo te tau 1876-77. Ko
te take pea tenei i kore ai e tae atu he nupepa mau. Hei a
Akuhata e takoto mai nei me homai e koe kia kotahi pauna, ara
kia te kau herengi mo tenei tau e haere nei, kia kotahi hoki te
kau herengi mo te tau ki tua atu, ara te tau 1877-78..
TIOPIRA TANIERA, Kai-whakawa, o Riwatana, Waipounamu.—
Kua tae mai to reta korero i ou haerenga whenua, a e whaka-
whetai atu ana matou ki a koe mo taua reta. E kore e o ki
tenei Waka,-engari e kore e roa ka panuitia atu.
HETARAKA TE WHAKAUNUA, o Waiohau, wahi tata ki Opotiki,
e tono ana kia panuitia atu e matou etahi ture kua hangaia e nga
Maori mo nga hoiho haere noa ki roto ki nga rohe o tetahi
whenua i taua takiwa. Kaore matou e pai ki te panui i te ture
i hangaia noatia e te tangata, ehara nei i te ture i mahia i runga
i te mana o te Kuini. Tera ano te tu nei nga Kooti-whakawa, e
ahei ano hoki te whakawa ki reira aua tu he katoa, a e uru tahi
ana nga Pakeha me nga Maori ki aua Kooti. He tika kia haere
a Hetaraka me ona hoa ki reira korero ai i o ratou raruraru.
HEMI TAUTAHI, o Peiwhairangi.—Kua tukua atu ki a koe
nga nupepa o te takiwa kua taha nei. Hua noa matou e mau
ana ano to ingoa i te rarangi ingoa o nga tangata tango nupepa.
1877.—Wiremu Hekopa, Tuparoa, East Cape (from
No. 1)...    O 10    O
From R. W. Woon, Esq., R.M., Whanganui for
1876.—Major Topia...    010    O
1876-7.—Hori te Hana                                    -         ...    1    O    o
1877.—Major Kemp...    010    O
„        Tukaiora, of Hiruharama...    O 10    O
„       Te Pikikotuku...    O 10   O
„       Hoani Paiaka...    O 10   O
„       Te MamakuO 10   O
TuhaiaO 10    O
„       Hakaraia KorakoO 10   O
From J. Freeth, Esq., Wairarapa, for
1877.—Ngarori Wi Tamihana, of the Oreore, Mas-
terton (from No. 10)O 10   O
£19   O   O
MEI TE KATA and HOHEPA HARAWIRA, of Tarawera, Taupo.
—Your papers are sent as required.
JAMES APES, of Waikouaiti.—Your paper has been posted
regularly. We believe that many Natives obtain papers from
the post offices by personating the persons to whom they are
addressed. This is a practice punishable by law, and the per-
sons to whom the papers are addressed should take action
against such fellows, if discovered. We can do no more than
post the papers to the addresses of the persons for whom they
are intended, and great care is always taken to do this. If you
will let us know what numbers are missing, we will supply you
with fresh copies.
KINGI NGATUERE, of Greytown, Wairarapa.—Our remarks
addressed to James Apes apply to your case also.
Copies of the Waka, from No. 8 to No. 10, have been posted
to each of the following subscribers :—Kereama Herangi, Tuiti
te Au, Wirihana Kaipara, and Rore Pukekohatu, all of Wairau,
Blenheim ; also to Keepa Ngakona, of Waipapa, Kaikoura.
WIREMU  KINGI TE APAAPA, of Turanganui.—We have posted
the Waka to your address. You can send your subscription
through Captain Porter.
RANIERA ERIHANA, of Waikouaiti.—We have received your
letter censuring the lenity and forbearance of the Magistrate in
the sheep-stealing case. We think it better not to publish your
letter; no doubt he had good reasons for doing what he did in
the case.
THOMAS ADAMS, Esq., of Gisborne.—The money received
from you was duly acknowledged in No. 9; copies have been
posted to your address.
S. A. PARKER, Esq., Tolago Bay.—We have received £1 from
you, being 10s. from Paraone, and 10s. from some other person
whose name and address you have omitted to send us. Please
inform us as soon as convenient.
The Rev. MATIAHA PAHEWA, of Tokomaru, East Coast.—
We shall feel obliged if you will favour us with a detailed
account of the killing of Pehi by the Ngaitahu tribes, the mur-
der of Maiharanui, and the fall of Kaiapohia pa, not omitting
the saving of the child Riria by Te Tuahu.
MAIKA HIKATOA, Waikaraka, East Cape.—The subscription
is 10s. per year, payable in advance.
W. T. BROWNE, Esq., Open Bay, East Coast.—We do not
find in your letter the names of the three Natives of whom you
speak.
ROPOAMA TIMOTI, of Waikawa, Picton.—Your subscription
for the Waka Maori ought to have been paid in advance, that
is to say, it should have been paid last August for the year
1876-77. This, we presume, is the reason why your paper has
not been sent. Next August you will owe £1, that is, 10s. for
the current year, and 10s. for the year 1877-78.
THEOPHILUS DANIEL, Esq., J.P., of Riverton.—We have duly
received your notes of travel, and beg to express our thanks for
the same. We cannot find space for their insertion in this issue,
but we shall publish them as soon as possible.
HETARAKA TE WHAKAUNGA, of Waiohau, near Opotiki, asks
us to publish certain laws, or regulations, which the Natives
have passed relating to the trespass of horses within certain
defined boundaries in that district. We object to publishing
laws passed by any authority other than that of the Queen.
There are legally established tribunals, in which cases of trespass
may be tried, equally accessible to both Pakehas and Maoris,
and we advise Hetaraka and his friends to avail themselves of
those tribunals.
HEMI TAUTARI, of Bay of Islands.—We have sent you the
back numbers. Wo wero under the impression that your name
was on our list.

156
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
He mea whakaatu tenei ki nga hoa tango nupepa, ko te
nupepa o te 19 o Hune i mahue, kihai i mahia—he ngaro no te
Kai Tuhi ki tetahi kainga i runga i ana raruraru.
HE TANGATA MATE.
MITI KAKAU IHAIA TAWIRI. I mate ki Puketapu, i te 4 o
Aperira, 1877.
PINE TE RAKAHEREA, o te hapu o Ngapotiki. I mate ki
Tauranga, i te 17 o Nowema,'1876.
KEITA MIHI KEREI, wahine a Wiremu Kerei. I mate ki
Amuri Bluff, i te 3 o Hune, 1877.
ROPI MATIRE, tamahine a Kawhena. I mate ki Mangere,
Onehunga, i te 1 o Hune, 1877, te 14 ona tau. He kotiro ia no
te kura ki Onehunga.
MERE PEKA, wahine a Wi Keepa Ngawhau. I mate ki
Ohinemutu, i te 5 o Hune, 1877. He whanaunga ki a Tawhiao,
me etahi atu tangata rangatira.
TE UTU MO TE WAKA.
Ko te utu mo te Waka Maori i te tau ka te 10s., he mea utu
ki mua. Ka tukuna atu i te meera ki te tangata e hiahia ana
me ka tukua mai e ia aua moni ki te Kai Tuki ki Po Neke nei.
TE WAKA MAORI.
PO NEKE, TUREI, HURAE 3, 1877.
TE AO ME TE EA.
I TERA Waka i whakamaramatia e matou te tikanga
o te wehewehenga o nga ra me nga po, i awatea ai, i
po ai. Ko tenei ka whakamaramatia e matou ki o
matou hoa te tikanga o te taiawhiotanga o te ao nei
i te ra, me te wehenga o nga tau i whai tau ai.
Engari ka matua ki atu matou kia mahara tonu kou-
tou ki ta matou whakamaramatanga i te tikanga o
nga " poora " me te " akihi" o te ao nei, i whakama-
ramatia ra e matou i tera Waka; no te mea he mea
nui ia, ara te mohiotanga ki aua kupu, kia marama
ai hoki koutou ki a matou e whakaatu ai.
Na, kua kite tatou he mea porotaka te ao nei, tona
ahua; he mea takahurihuri hoki, pera me te potaka,
a me he mea i kore taua takahurihuritanga kua kore
hoki te whitiwhiti haere o te awatea me te po; ara
na te takahurihuri o te ao nei i whai awatea ai i whai
po ai. Otira tera ano tetahi haere o te ao nei, haunga
tenei i po ai i awatea ai, ara e taiawhio haere ana i te
ra ; kotahi taiawhiotanga i roto i te tau kotahi. Te
mea e marama ai tenei, me tango ano tatou i te pooro
me te kanara, ara hei ritenga mo te ao me te ra.
He whetu katoa, puta noa puta noa, kei te takiwa
o terangi i te ra me te ao nei, engari kaore e kitea
ana i te awatea i te nui o te kanapu o te ra. Heoi,
me ki tatou kua marie te pooro, kua kore e huri
haere; na, me he mea i pena te ahua kua awatea
tonu i te taha o te pooro e hangai ana ki te
kanara, ara ki te ra; ka kitea tonutia te kanara
e tu tonu ana i tona takiwa, kaore e neke, kaore
e aha. Ka titiro atu i te wahi pouri, ara te
We have to explain to our readers that the Waka for the
19th of June was omitted, in consequence of the unavoidable
absence of the Editor.

DEATHS.
MITI KAKAU IHAIA TAWIRI, at Puketapu, on the 4th of
April, 1877.
PINE TE RAKAHEREA, of the Ngapotiki hapu, at Tauranga,
on the 17th of November, 1876.
KEITA MIHI KEREI, wife of Wiremu Kerei, at Amuri Bluff ;
on the 3rd of Juno, 1877.
KOPI MATIRE, daughter of Kawhena, at Mangere, Onehunga,
on the 1st' of June, 1877, aged 14< years. She was a pupil of
the Onehunga School.
MERE PEKA, wife of Wi Keepa Ngawhau, at Ohinemutu, on
the 5th of Juno, 1877. She was nearly related to Tawhiao and
other chiefs of  distinction.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
The Subscription to the Waka Maori is 10s .per year,
payable in advance. Persons desirous of becoming subscribers
can have the paper posted to their address by forwarding that
amount to the Editor in Wellington.
THE WAKA MAORI.
WELLINGTON, TUESDAY, JULY 3, 1877.
THE EARTH  AND  THE  SUN.
IN pur last issue we explained the reason of the
division of time into days and nights ; and, in ac-
cordance with our promise, we shall now endeavour
to give our readers some information about the
motion of the earth round the sun, and the con-
sequent division of time into years. Before pro-
ceeding to do so, we must remind you of our
previous explanation of the terms " poles" and
"axis" of the earth, because it is very important
that you should remember the meaning of those
terms, in order that you may better understand what
we shall have to write.
We have seen that the earth is a globe, that it
spins like a top, and that without this spinning there
could be no day and night, so that the regular
succession of day and night is caused by the rotation
or spinning round of the earth. But besides this
diurnal motion of the earth, by which the succession
of day and night is produced, it has another, called
" its annual motion," which is the journey it performs
round the sun in a year. To prove this we must
again have recourse to our candle and ball, which
represent the sun and the earth.
There are stars all round the part of space in
which the earth and the sun are, only we cannot see
them in the daytime, because the sun is so bright.
Now imagine the ball to be stationary; then, as we
have seen, that part of the ball turned to the
sun, represented by the candle, will have perpetual
day, and will always see the candle or sun in the
same place ; from that part of it turned away from
the sun the same stars will always be visible in the

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
157
wahi kua huri ke atu i te ra, ka kitea tonutia I
nga whetu o taua takiwa o te rangi, kaore e neke-
neke, kaore e aha, ka kitea tonutia ko aua whetu
tonu ano. Kei nga wahi o te pooro, ara o te ao, e
tata ana ki te rohenga o te maramatanga me te pou-
ritanga, e tapahi haere nei taua rohe ki runga pu ki
nga poora, ka titiro atu i aua wahi te tangata i te ao
nei ka kitea te ra i te taha ki te pae e tu tonu ana,
me nga whetu hoki kei tetahi taha e tu tonu ana ano
i te pae, ko aua whetu tonu, e kore e kitea he whetu
ke atu—ara rue he mea i marie tonu te pooro, ara te ao
nei, kaore i te takahuri haere.
Heoi tena, ko tenei me titi o koutou tetahi pine ki
waenganui tonu o te pooro, hei ritenga mo te tangata
e tu ana i te ao nei. Kia hangai pu te upoko o te
pine ki te kanara i waiho hei ra. Katahi ka whaka-
takahuritia e koutou te pooro hei ritenga mo te huri-
hanga o te ao nei; na, ka kite koutou, ka taka rawa
atu te tangata, ara te pine, ki waenganui pu o te taha
marama o te pooro, kua taka hoki ki waenganui pu o
te pouritanga te taha ki tua o te pooro i te ritenga
ki te pine, a ka hurihia ano kua whiti ko te pine ki
waenganui pu o te pouritanga. Na, ko enei wahi e
rua —ara ko waenganui pu o te maramatanga me
waenganui pu o te pouritanga—ka waiho hei ritenga
mo nga wahi e noho ai te tangata i te ao nei i wae-
nganui ra, i te weheruatanga hoki o te po, i te hanga
e huri nei te ao.
Na, ka mohio koutou i konei, ki te mea ka noho
tonu te ao i te takiwa kotahi, kaore e haere he wahi
ke, penei ka kite tonu tatou ko ona whetu tonu ano
o nga weheruatanga katoa, ko ona whetu tonu ano
o nga atapo  katoa, ko  ona whetu tonu ano o nga
ahiahi katoa, e kore e kitea he whetu ke atu, ka mau
tonu ko aua wheta tonu ano o te ahiahi, o waenganui
po, o te atapo hoki.    Otira ko nga whetu e kitea
ana e tatou i waenganui o te po raumati, he whetu
ke i nga whetu e kitea ana e tatou i waenganui o te
po hotoke.    Na, kua tino whiti ke tenei nga whetu
i roto i nga marama e ono.    Ki te mea ka ata titiro
tatou ki nga whetu i etahi po maha, ka kite tatou kua
neke haere katoa ki te taha hauauru.    Na, kua neke
haere tenei, tetahi wahi, i roto i nga ra ruarua nei.
Ka mutu te tau tinana, ka kitea ko aua whetu nei
ano i te weheruatanga o te po, ara kua hoki mai hoki
tatou ki aua whetu nei ano. Me whakataiawhio haere
e koutou te pooro i te kanara, i te ritenga o te huri-
hanga o te ao e huri nei, (ara,  me  whakahoki ke
tona haere i to nga ringa o te wati, me haere atu i te
taha maui ki te taha katau), katahi koutou ka marama
ki te tikanga i tena.
Na, kua kite tatou e kotahi ana te hurihanga o te
ao i roto i te rangi kotahi, e kotahi ana hoki tona tai-
awhiotanga i te ra i roto i te tau kotahi. Ko te take
tenei i whiti ke ai nga whetu ina tirohia atu i nga po
katoa i nga wahi katoa o te ao, ahakoa Niu Tirani,
Ingarani ranei, Amerika ranei, whea atu ranei. Kua
kite hoki tatou e neke haere ana, tetahi wahi iti nei,
i roto i nga po ruarua noa; kua tino whiti ke i roto
i nga marama e ono; a i te mutunga o te tau tinana
ka kitea ko aua whetu nei ano i taua wahi tonu ano
i haere atu ai ki ta te tangata tana titiro atu.
Me titiro ano koutou ki te kanara me te pooro, a
ka kite koutou e pera ana te taiawhiotanga haere o
te ao i te ra, i roto i te tau kotahi, me tona hurihanga
i runga i tona " akihi" i roto i te rangi kotahi. No
te mea hoki, me he mea e tutuki ana tona taiawhio-
tanga i te ra i roto i nga marama e ono, na ka kitea
nga whetu o te tuatahi i te mutunga o nga marama e
ono, ara kua hoki mai tatou ki te takiwa o aua whetu.
Na, ko te take tenei o te wehenga e kiia nei he tan,
ara ko te takiwa ia e taiawhio haere ana te ao i te ra,
hoki noa mai ki te wahi i haere atu ai.
Ki te mea ka ata titiro koutou, ka kite koutou e
rua nga wahi o te pooro e rite tahi aua te pamamao
atu i te kanara. Ara ko nga wahi putanga o te aho,
same place. Prom the parts of the ball, or earth,
near the boundary of light and shade, called the
terminator," which passes through the poles, the
sun and the same stars will be for ever apparently
near the horizon in the same place.
Now, stick a pin in the centre of the ball, to repre-
sent au observer on the earth. Let the pin's head
be exactly opposite the candle representing the sun.
Then turn the ball round to represent the rotation
of the earth, and mark that whenever the observer
represented by the pin is in the middle of the
lighted-up half, the part of the ball, or earth, exactly
opposite is in the middle of the dark half, and that
half a turn of the ball brings the pin from the
middle of the lighted-up to the middle of the
dark portion. Now, these two points—the middle
of the lighted-up half and the middle of the dark
half—represent nearly enough for our purpose the
position with regard to the sun which au observer
is made to occupy at midday and midnight by the
earth's rotation.
You will see, therefore, that if the earth did not
move from its place, we should always see one par-
ticular set of stars at midnight, another particular
set at sunrise, and another particular set at sunset.
Now, it is not a fact that we always do see the same
tars at midnight.     At  midnight  in  summer, and
again at the same time in winter, we see different
stars.    Here, then, is a great change in six months.
If we view the stars for many nights in succession at
midnight, we find them gradually falling away to the
west.    Here is a slight change in a few days.    After
the lapse of a year the same stars are again visible
at midnight.    Now, move the ball round the candle
in   the  same  direction   as  the  earth rotates   (i.e.,
opposite to the direction in which the hands of a
watch travel), and you will see at once that this
explains all the facts.
The earth, then, not only rotates on its axis once a
day, but travels round the sun once in a year. In
this way the fact is accounted for that, as seen at
midnight, or at the same hour every night from any
part of the earth, whether New Zealand, England,
America, or elsewhere, the stars visible are con-
tinually changing. We have seen also that they
change very little in a few nights, very much in six
months, and that after twelve months the same stars
again appear in the same places.
Let our readers again take the candle and ball, and
they will find that precisely as the earth spins
round its axis in a day, so it goes round the sun in a
year. For it is clear that if, for instance, the journey
only required six months, then in six months the same
stars would again be visible at midnight, and so on
for any other period. Here, then, we have the origin
of the year, which is the time the earth requires to
get back to the same place in its path round the sun.
If you examine attentively, you will observe that
there are two points equally distant from the candle.
They are the points where the string comes through,

158
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
i te taha ki runga o te pooro, i te taha hoki ki raro, e
kiia ana ko nga " poora," i korerotia ra e matou i
tera Waka. Kei te hurihanga o te pooro ka whiti
haere ki roto ki te maramatanga me te pouritanga
nga wahi katoa o tona mata, ka rite tonu te roa o te
haerenga i roto i te pouritanga ki te roa o te haerenga
i roto i te maramatanga—ko nga " poora " anake i
hapa. Koia hoki me te ao e noho nei tatou, me he
mea i rite tonu nga " poora," (ara nga pito o te ao e
takahuri nei), te pamamao atu i te ra, pera me nga
pito e te pooro e rite tahi nei te pamamao atu i te
kanara, penei ko nga wahi katoa o te mata o te ao nei,
ara o e whenua, ka whiti haere ki roto ki te mara-
matanga me te pouritanga i te hanga e huri nei te ao,
ka rite tonu te roa o te haerenga i roto i te marama-
tanga ki te roa o te haerenga i roto i te pouritanga,
ko nga " poora " anake e hapa, a ka rite tonu te roa
o nga rangi me nga po, puta noa i te tau, i nga wahi
katoa o te ao.
Ka pena ano te tikanga me he mea i tu tika tonu
te ao nei i te hangaitanga ki te ra, pera me te wha-
kaahuatanga nama 1. Inahoki, ko tetahi hawhe
anake o te ao, ara o te whenua nei, e marama ana i
nga hihi o te ra, koia hoki me te maramatanga o te
kanara i waiho hei ritenga mo te ra, e puta ana ki te
hawhe anake o te pooro e anga nui ana ki a ia ; a ko
te rohenga o te taha marama me te taha pouri o te
pooro e tapahi pu ana ki runga ki nga " poora " e rua,
ara ki runga ki nga pito o te ao. Ki te mea ka ata
hurihia e koutou te pooro, me te waiho ano kia tu
tika tonu ana, ka kite koutou e neke haere ana taua
rohenga o te pouritanga me te maramatanga ki nga
wahi katoa o te mata o te pooro, ara o te whenua, a
kei nga wahi e tae atu ai taua rohenga o te pouritanga
ka rite te ahua ki te mea e piki ake ana te ra, kei
nga wahi e mahue ana ki muri o taua rohenga ka rite
ki te mea e heke ana te ra. Me tango e koutou
he tino pooro he tino kanara ka whakamatau ki
tenei.
Me he mea i hangai tonu te wahi ki waenganui pu
o te ao nei ki te wahi ki waenganui pu o te ra, to
mea tika hei ritenga mo tenei me whakaaro ki tetahi
raina takoto tika tonu i waenganui pu o te ao (ara, o
te pooro), puta tika tonu atu ki waenganui pu o te
ra, a kua tu hangai tetahi me tetahi i runga i taua
raina, penei kua hangai tonu mai nga hihi o te ra ki
nga wahi kei waenganui pu o te ao nei, kua puta
titaha mai ki nga wahi e tata ana ki nga " poora," ara
nga pito o te ao. Ka pena ano te tikanga me he mea
i tu tika tonu te ao nei. Penei, ki te titiro a nga
tangata e noho aua i nga wahi kei waenganui pu o te
ao, kua hangai tonu te haere o te ra i runga ake i o
ratou upoko, ara kua piki ake i te taha rawhiti tonu,
kua haere tonu i runga ake i o ratou upoko, kua heke
ki te rua i te taha hauauru tonu, ka pena tonu tona
ahua i nga rangi katoa taea noatia te mutunga o te
tau. Ki te titiro a nga tangata e noho ana i nga wahi
kei waenganui pu o te ao kua hangai tonu te haere o
te ra i runga ake i o ratou upoko, a ra kua piki ake i
te taha rawhiti tonu, kua haere tonu i runga ake i o
ratou upoko, kua heke ki te rua i te taha hauauru
tonu, ka pena tonu tona ahua i nga rangi katoa taea
noatia te mutunga o te tau. Ki te titiro a nga
tangata e noho ana i nga wahi tata ki nga
" poora," kua haere tonu te ra i te taha ki te pae
i nga rangi katoa pau noa te tau. Kua kore nga
painga o te raumati me te hotoke e whiti haere
nei; kei etahi wahi o te ao kua pera me te takiwa
koanga anake te ahua ; kei nga wahi o waenganui pu
o te ao he wera anake he raki anake tona tikanga ;
ko nga takiwa nui katoa ki te taha ki nga poora kua
huka katoa, he matao anake tona tikanga.
Me he mea e tu tika tonu ana te ao, ara te whenua
nei, i a ia e taiawhio haere nei i te ra, penei, ko te
tikanga e putaputa ai he maramatanga, he mahana-
tanga hoki ki nga poora (nga pito), me papare haere
called ihe " poles," as we explained in our first
article. As the ball rotates, every spot upon it,
excepting these two points, or " poles," is by turns in
the dark and in the light, being as much in the one
as in the other. And if the two points, or "poles,"
round which the earth rotates were equally distant
from the sun, the same as the two points round
which your ball rotates are equally distant from the
candle, every spot on the earth, with the exception of
those two points, or "poles," would be, daring each
complete spin, alternately in the light and in the
dark, as much in the one as in the other; and the
days and nights would be equal throughout the
year, in every place over the whole earth.
This would be the case if the "axis," or imaginary
line between the two " poles," were perpendicular to
a level line drawn through the centres of the sun and
earth ; or, in other words, if the earth were placed
upright in its position with regard to the sun,
as is the case in drawing No. 1. Since the sun, for
instance, enlightens half the globe at once, so the
candle, which here represents the sun, will shine on
the half of the ball which is turned towards it; and
the circle which divides the enlightened from the un-
enlightened side of the ball, called the terminator,
will pass through both the " poles." If the ball be
turned slowly round on its axis, the terminator will
successively pass over all the places on the earth,
giving the appearance of sunrise to places at which it
arrives and of sunset to places from which it
departs.
If, therefore, the equator, or middle part of the
earth, had coincided with the middle of the sun (i e.,
if the equator had coincided with the ecliptic), as
would have been the case if the earth had been
placed upright, the rays of the sun would always fall
vertically upon the equator, or middle part of the
earth, and obliquely upon those parts towards the
"poles." To the inhabitants of the parts of the
earth about the equator, the sun would always have
appeared to move in the prime vertical, rising directly
in the East, passing through the zenith at noon, raid
setting in the West. This would have been the case
every day throughout the year. In the polar re-
gions, the sun would always have appeared to revolve
in the horizon. There would have been nothing of
those agreeable vicissitudes of the seasons which we
now. enjoy; but some regions of the earth would
have been crowned with perpetual spring, others,
about the equator, would have been scorched with
the unremitting fervour of a vertical sun, while exten-
sive regions towards either pole would have been
consigned to everlasting frost and sterility.
If the axis of the earth had been perpendicular to
the plane of its orbit in its journey round the sun,
then, in order to give the poles alternately the benefit
of the sun's light and warmth, it would have been

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
(aua poora) ki te taha ki te ra, ko tetahi i te tuatahi
ko tetahi i muri iho, ara kia raumati ai kia hotoke ai.
Ka kore tena, me haere titaha te haere o te ao i tona
taiawhiotanga haeretanga i te ra, ara kia penei me
tenei kua whakaahuatia nei.
Na, ka kite tatou i konei e whitiwhiti haere ana te
maramatanga me te mahanatanga ; he mea ano kua
mahana te poora ki runga i nga hihi o te ra, ara ko
te " Nota Poora " ; ka tae ki tetahi taha, kua mahana
ko te poora ki raro, ara ko te " Hauta Poora," te
pito o te ao ki Niu Tirani nei.
Otira kaore e titaha te haere o te ao i te ra, e tika
tonu ana tona, haere, e hangai tonu ana ki te ra;
kaore hoki e papare haere ana nga poora ki te ra. E
haere tika tonu ana te ao puta noa ki tetahi taha
ki tetahi taha o to ra, pera tonu me te hoiho e rere
ana i te papa purei, tika tonu te haere puta noa
ki tetahi taha ki tetahi taha. Na, he tako ke te
take i raumati ai i hotoke ai. i roroa ai etahi rangi
me etahi po, i popoto ai etahi. Ko taua take me
whakaatu e matou i tera Waka. Ko tenei me ata
rapu o matou hoa Maori ki nga tikanga kua tuhia nei
e matou, kia ata mohiotia hoki e ratou.
TIRINGA WITI.
Ko TEONE REME, o Waitemata, kua mea mai ki a
matou kia panuitia atu tenei reta hei matauranga mo
nga Maori:—
KI  A  TE  KAI   TUHI.
E HOA,-— Kua tae tenei ki te wa e mahi ai te ta-
ngata ki te whakato witi, koia au i mea ai kia puta
etahi kupu maku ki nga tangata e tahuri ana ki te
mahi i taua mahi.    Mo te whenua te tuatahi o aku
kupu ; ara kia pai te mahinga o te whenua, kia riro
rawa nga tarutaru katoa, he mea pai hold kia ruia he
kota ki te whenua,  kia toru pea puhera ki te eka
kotahi, ma kona e kaha ai nga kakau o te witi, e pai ai
hoki te ahua o te witi.    Te mea nui rawa me whiri-
whiri he witi pai rawa, me he mea he witi rere hotoke,
raumati ranei.    He maha nga tu witi e pai ana hei
purapura ; ara ko te peara, ko te witi hoki e kiia ana
ko te witi whero ma nei a Hanita, me te waiti raama,
he witi hua katoa enei mo te hotoke.    Te witi pai mo
te rere raumati he witi Tahikana tona ingoa, he mea
whero ma nei, he witi hua ia he witi ranea ina tupu.
Ka kore e taea he witi pera i tenei tau He nui o te
mate o te witi, heoi, me tango ko to witi o Atireeti,
hei te witi pai, ataahua.    Me rongoa katoa enei tu
witi ki te purutone; ara mo te puhera kotahi o te
witi, me tuku kia toru aunehi purutone ki te paneke
wai kotahi, hei te wai wera; me hora ki te papa te
witi, ka taia ki taua wai purutone ina mataotao, me
te kohurehure tonu i te witi; kia maroke ka tiria.
Kaua rawa e tiri i te witi kino, koaha nei.    Kotahi
te tangata i kite au i tiri i te witi pera i te tau 1874,
he mea whakamatau noa nana.    I tiria e ia etahi
kakano witi kongio nei, a pai ana te ahua o nga puku
i te tupuranga ake, pai atu ki te titiro a te kanohi i
etahi witi i mahia i taua tau ; engari ko etahi kihai i
necessary either to gradually incline first one and then
the other towards the sun, so as to produce a change
of seasons, or to give the course of the earth an
oblique direction round the sun, as in the following
drawing:—
Here we see that the north and south, or upper
and lower, poles are alternately lighted and warmed
by the sun's rays as the earth accomplishes its jour-
ney round the sun.
But the earth does not travel obliquely round the
sun, nor does its axis alter its direction. The earth
travels smoothly round the sun. always keeping the
parae level ; as a horse does galloping round a very
level racecourse. The change of seasons, there-
fore, and the differing lengths of day and night,
must be accounted for in another way. This we
shall try to do in a future issue; meanwhile we re-
commend our Native readers to give attentive con-
sideration to what we have now written, that they
may understand it perfectly.
SOWING WHEAT.
MR. JOHN LAMB, of Waitemata, has requested us
to publish the following letter for the information of
the Maoris :—
TO  THE  EDITOR.
SIR,—The time has come round for farmers who
intend to sow wheat, therefore I take the liberty of
addressing a few lines to those who intend to sow
wheat.    One of the first points I would urge, get the
land properly prepared, and free from weeds ; and if
at all possible give it a few bushels of lime to the
acre: this will give strength to the straw, and improve
the quality of the wheat.    The point of most im-
portance is, to select good seed if spring or winter
wheat.    There are various kinds, according to circum-
stances, which should be selected: pearl, Hunter's
yellow, and white lamas, are the most prolific for
winter sowing; for spring sowing, yellow Tuscan is
the wheat I would recommend : it always yields well,
and is generally a good crop.    If it cannot be got
this season in consequence of the  damage to the
crops, then good  clean  Adelaide  wheat should be
selected.   All should be treated with bluestone in the
following manner : 3oz.of bluestone dissolved in one
pint of hot water to the bushel of wheat, when cold
the wheat should be laid on a floor, and the mixture
sprinkled on it and turned till all ia wet; as soon as
dry it is fit for sowing.    On no account sow inferior
seed.    I give the result of a trial of inferior seed by
a farmer in 1874.    A few poor, thin, dwarfed grains
of wheat were planted, winch came up very well, and
grew into better-looking ears than most full crops of
the season ; they produced, however, a due average
of tailing and chick wheat, though much of the corn
was bold and well filled, and would have sold at a

160
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
pakari, he rau kau, ko etahi i pakari ano, i pai ano te
tupu, tera ano hoki e rite he utu tika mo taua witi.
I whiriwhiria e au e iwa nga kakano kino rawa o roto
o taua witi i te ngahuru o te tau 1875, whakatokia
ana ki te whenua, tupu katoa ana. Te tupuranga
ake kua rua te kau ma rima puku i hua mai i te
kakano kotahi, nga kakano o aua puku hui katoa ka
1,250—ara e rite ana tenei ki te 139 kakano i hua
mai i ia kakano i ia kakano i whakatokia ki te
whenua. Ko etahi anake o enei i pai mo te hoko, ko
etahi i kino, i pera tonu me nga purapura i tupu ai.
I taua takiwa ano o te tau 1875, i whiriwhiria hoki e
au e rua te kau ma ono nga kakano pai rawa o aua
witi tuatahi ra i tiria ra i te tau 1874. E whitu o
enei i mate i te toke, huhu nei, te kau m* iwa i tupu,
hua mai ana e whitu te kau ma ono nga puku, e wha
te kau ma ono kakano ki te puku kotahi, hui katoa
nga kakano ka 3,496, ara e rite ana tenei ki te 134 ka-
kano i hua mai i ia kakano i ia kakano o te tekau ma
iwa kihai nei i mate i te toke. Ko aua kakano 134, i
hua mai i nga purapura pai, i nui atu te taimaha i nga
kakano 139 i hua mai i nga purapura kino, i nui atu
hoki te pai o tona ahua, ka nui atu ano hoki tona utu
me he mea ka hokona. Ko nga kakau hoki i nui
atu, ka riro mai hoki he utu nui atu me he mea ka
hokona.
Na, e kitea ana i tenei ko nga witi kongio, mama,
kaua e tangohia hei purapura ; ko nga witi pai anake
e tangohia hei purapura kia tupu pai ai te witi, kia
whai hua ai. Ka pakari te witi ka tapahia, kaua e
waiho kia roa atu i te rangi kotahi e takoto ana ki
waenga; ki te mea he takiwa ua me hohoro te wha-
kapu, ka tapatu tonu iho, ka kore tena me kawe ki
ro whare. Na nga Maori o te akau i whakatupu nga
witi pai rawa i tae mai ki ahau i tenei tau. I whaka-
putia taua witi i te rangi tonu i tapahia ai, a tapa-
tutia ana i te po; i rahi ake i te kotahi mano aua
peeke, kaore hoki tetahi i kino. Kaore au e kite ana
i tetahi witi e pai atu ana i te witi o te Porowini o
Akarana hei paraoa ; a ko nga tangata o nga mira e
pai tonu ana ki te hoatu he utu tika mo aua tu witi,
tena ko nga witi kino e kore ano e rahi he utu. Kei
te ahua tonu o te witi te tikanga.—Naku, na
TEONE REHE.
Mira ki Waitemata, 7 o Mei, 1877.
TE TUPUHI ME TE TAI NUI I INIA.
215,000 NGA TANGATA I MATE.
TENA kai te mahara o matou hoa ki nga kupu ruarua
nei o te waea mai mo te tupuhi nui i Penekaara ki te
taha Rawhiti, i Inia, o te 31 o Oketopa, me te
tinitini o te tangata i mate, i taia e matou i nga
Waka Nama 1, Nama 7 hoki, i mua ra. He mea
whakamaori mai na matou no te Iwiningi Poihi
nupepa nga korero kei raro iho nei o taua mate kino,
he mea tango mai ia i roto i tetahi korero o taua
mate i tuhia e te rangatira whakahaere tikanga o
Penekaara i te 21 o Nowema, 1876; a tera e rekareka
o matou hoa Maori ki taua korero. E ki ana taua
rangatira ka rua rau kotahi tekau ma rima mano nga
tangata i mate rawa i runga i tetahi takiwa whenua e
toru mano maero tapawha tona nui, i mate i te
wai te nuinga. Ko etahi enei o ana kupu :—
I etahi o nga kainga e 30 tangata i mate i roto i te
rau kotahi o nga tangata, a pera tonu nga rau-tangata
katoa o aua kainga; i etahi kainga e 50 i roto i te
rau, i etahi kainga e 70 rawa i roto i te rau, i mate.
I te po o te 31 o Oketopa ka pa te tupuhi nui ki roto
ki te kokorutanga o Penekaara, ara i te moana.
Otira ahakoa nui te hau ehara tena i te tino take
o te mate, engari na te tai nui. Huri haere ana tera
te tai, te 10 putu tae ki te 20 putu tona teitei. I
etahi wahi i teitei ake ano i tena, ara kei nga wahi e
medium market price. From this crop, in autumn,
1875, I selected and planted about nine of the worst
grains, all of which grew, yielding an average of
twenty-five ears each, a total of 1,250 grains—139
grains for each of the parent grains. Only two-thirds
of these were of marketable quality, the residue being,
like their progenitors, tailing corn of small value. In
l875, at the same time as the foregoing, I planted
twenty-six of the best grains, the produce of the same
plot; of these, seven failed from wire-worm, and only
nineteen matured; these produced seventy-six heads
of corn, and yielded an average of forty-six grains
each, a total of 3,496 grains, 134 grains to each of
the nineteen plants which survived. The 134 grains
from the good seed weighed 8 per cent, more than the
139 from the bad, and the quality was 7 per cent,
more in value, an advantage of 15 per cent, in
favour of the good seed. The straw was one-third
more in quantity, and 25 per cent, more in value.
Prom this it would seem that all shrivelled or light
grain should be discarded from seed, and nothing but
good seed should be sown to insure a good crop.
And when the crop is ripe and cut it should not be
left in the field more than one day ; if the season is
rainy it should either be put in stacks, and thatched
at once, or put under cover in a house. The best
wheat I have got this season was grown by natives cm
the coast; it was stacked on the day it was cut, and
thatched at night, and not one damaged pickle in it
of over a thousand sacks. There is no wheat I know
will make better flour than the wheat grown in the
Province of Auckland, and millers will always be pre-
pared to give a full price for such wheat, but inferior
wheat never can bring the highest prices. The
quality of the wheat will always test its value.—
I am, &c.,
JOHN LAMB.
Waitemata Mills, 7th May, 1877.
THE CYCLONE AND  STORM WAVE IN
INDIA.
215,000  PEOPLE  PERISHED.
OUR readers will remember that we published in Nos.
1 and 7 of the Waka some brief telegraphic notices of
the cyclone in Eastern Bengal, on the 31st of October
last, and the fearful loss of human life occasioned
thereby. The following details of this terrible
calamity (which we translate from the Evening Post)
are extracted from a minute by Sir Richard Temple,
the Lieutenant- General of Bengal, dated 21st of No-
vember, 1876, and will be read by our Maori friends
with interest. He estimates that, in an area of some
3,000 square miles, not less than 215,000 persons
must have perished, principally by drowning. He
says: —
In some villages 30 per cent, of the inhabitants
were lost, in others 50, and in some even 70 per cent.
There was a severe cyclone in the Bay of Bengal on
the night of the 31st October. But it was not the
wind which proved destructive, though that was bad
enough; it was the storm-wave, sweeping along to a
height from 10 to 20 feet, according to different
localities; in places where it met with any resistance,
it mounted even higher than that. The Neacolly
people think it came from the sea right up to the

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
161
araitia ana e te tahuna, e  te aha  ranei, katahi ka
kokiri ake te tai ki runga rawa.    Ko nga tangata o
Neakare e whakaaro ana i ahu mai i te moana, tika
tonu mai ki roto ki te awa nui (te Mekena) huri haere
ai te waitai ; katahi ka pa te tupuhi o uta, ka tahia
haeretia mai te waimaori o te  awa,  te   tutakitanga
mai ki   te ngaru o te  waitai e huri atu ana  katahi
ka   puku   ake   te  waimaori,   me   te   waitai ano, ki
runga rawa ka pakaru atu ki runga ki nga whenua
raorao  haere ai, whakangaro ai i te whenua katoa.
I  te ahiahi   e  ahua  pukohu  ana a runga,  he   hau
ano tetahi, he pumahumahu hoki  te rangi; engari
kihai i   pawera   nga   tangata, a  haere   ana   ki   te
moe,    hui    katoa   nga    tangata    o   taua    whenua
ka kotahi miriona.    Kihai i uta tae ki te tekau ma
tahi o nga haora kua kaha haere te hau, a i te wehe-
ruatanga kua pa te karanga, " Ka hurihia tatou e
te wai," katahi ka pakaru tetahi ngaru teitei ki runga
ki te whenua katoa.    Kihai i taro kua puta mai te
rua me te toru o nga ngaru, tino tere rawa ana tera
te hurihanga atu o aua ngaru ki te taha whaka-te-
tonga, he nui hoki te mataotao o te hau. Na, ka mau
nga tangata, kihai i whai takiwa e ahei ai ratou te piki
ki runga ki nga tuanui o nga whare, a tere atu ana
ratou ki runga ki te kare o te wai me nga kurupae me
nga rau o o ratou whare.    Otira he nikau kei waho
atu o aua kainga e tupu ana, puta noa ki tetahi taha
ki  tetahi   taha—he   paamu,  he   pamapu,   he   rakau
koikoi ona rau tetahi, he pera me te. makomako, na
te nunui o nga   koikoi.    Kaiahi  ka kahakina nga
tangata e te wai ki runga ki nga kauru me nga peka o
aua rakau.    Whakaatu  ai ano  nga morehu   i  nga
rakau i mau ai ratou, me nga haehaetanga a nga
koikoi   i   1e   kiri   o   o   ratou   tinana;   ara   na  aua
koikoi i  mau  ai   ratou,   me  te  mea he  matau  e
pupuri ana i a ratou i  kore  ai   ratou e riro   rawa
i  te  wai   te kahaki.    E   penei  ana te   ahua   o   o
ratou    kainga:—Takiwha,   tae   ki   te   ono,   whare
o te kainga kotahi; te papa, tunga mo aua
whare katoa he mea hanga ake ki te oneone kia
teitei ake i te mata o te whenua, inaina ai ki te
awaken puta noa ki tetahi taha ki tetahi taha o taua
papa tunga mo nga whare; he mea whakatupu katoa
ki te rakau ki waho at u o te awakeri, he rakau teitei
he matotoru nga rau, ko te papa turanga whare kei
waenganui pu. Na, ua taua ahua o nga kainga i kore
ai e mate katoa nga tangata. Na nga peka roroa o
nga rakau i ora ai etahi o nga tangata; me te mea
he ringaringa e whatoro ana ki te hapai ake i a ratou i
te mate, u a ratou. Kei nga kainga i tu putuputu ai
nga rakau, he nui nga tangata i ora; kei nga kainga
i puereere ai a roto o nga rakau kihai i ora, i mate
katoa te nuinga o te tangata. Ko nga mea i mare i
kahakina ki tawhiti e te wai, kitea rawatia atu kua
kore e mohiotia te ahua. Ho maha nga tupapaku e
takoto noa atu ana i waho o nga kainga katoa, he mea
kawe mai na te wai i etahi kainga i tawhiti. Kihai i
ata mimiti te wai kua pirau aua tupapaku, kihai hoki i
taea te tanu. He pirau rawa katoa, e kore rawa e
tata atu te tangata, i te manuheko, i te ruaki, i te aha.
He kau mate etahi e takoto tahi ana i roto i nga
puranga tupapaku tangata. I nui rawa to matou
mate i te haunga i a matou e haere ana i nga maara
i waenganui o aua kainga. He nui nga tupapaku
kitea e nga heramana whakatere kaipuke i te kokoru-
tanga o Penekaara e tere atu ana i te moana whaka-
te-taha ki te akau o Hitakonga; ko etahi tangata i
tae ora ki taua akau i runga i nga kurupae me nga
tuanui o o ratou whare, me te mea i runga i te mokihi
e haere ana. I timata taua waipuke i te weherua-
tanga, ai ngaro tonu te whenua tae noa ki te 2 o nga
haora o re ata. ara e rua haora e Uaha ana te haere o
te wai, katahi ka ngawari, tae rawa ki te ata-po kua
mimiti haere, ka tae ki waenganui o tetahi ra kua
mimiti rawa, ka heke hoki ki raro ki te whenua nga
tangata i runga i nga rakau. Engari i noho hemokai
great river (Megna) with salt water; that then the
cyclone turned out, and rolled the fresh water from
the river downwards; that with this refluence there
was a piling up, as it were, of fresh and salt water,
venting itself   by a rush  all over the surrounding
tracts.    In the evening the weather was a little hazy
and  windy, and had  been  somewhat hot; but the
people,   a   million   or   thereabouts,   retired  to   rest
apprehending nothing.     But  before  eleven o'clock
the wind freshened, and about midnight there rose a
cry—" The water is on us ;" and a great wave several
feet high burst over the country.    It was followed
by another, and again by a third, all three rushing
rapidly southwards, the air and wind being chilly
cold.    The people were thus caught up before they
had time to climb to their roofs, and were lifted to
the surface of the water, together with the beams and
thatches of their cottages.    But the homsteads are
surrounded by trees—palms, bamboos, and a horny
species called Madar.    The people were then borne
by the water to the tops and branches of these trees.
In most cases they would show us the particular tree
on   which they   stuck, and generally   the survivors
pointed to the severe scratches they received from the
prickly branches of the Madar trees ; in reality, these
horns or prickles held them tight, as if with natural
grappling hooks,  and  prevented  them  from   being
borne  away.     The  mode of  habitation   is  in  this
wise :—Each hamlet consists of four to six houses (to
each house a family) ; these are built on a slightly
raised platform, composed of earth thrown up from
the surrounding ditch ;   they  are surrounded by  a
wall of trees, high and dense.    It was this formal ion,
unvarying   in   kind,   but   varying   in   degree, that
prevented   the  loss  of   life   from   being   universal.
Indeed, the trees, with their long stretching arms,
held up the poor drowning souls.    In those hamlet»
where the. trees grew thickly, many lives were saved;
in those hamlets where there were breaks or gaps ia
the environment most of the inhabitants perished.
The bodies of the lost were carried to considerable
distances, so that they could not be recognized. Most
homesteads have dead strangers lying about, washed
in   from   distant villages.    The   corpses   began   to
putrefy before the water cleared off the grounds, so
that they are   all left  unburied (in a Mahomedan
population there is no  cremation).    They are, in-
deed, masses of corruption which no one can bear to
approach, and they  present a  sickening spectacle.
Mixed with  human bodies are those  of cattle, all
heaped up together.    The smell in many places was
distressing to us as we walked through the fields from
village to village.    Weather-tossed seamen in the Bay
of Bengal saw many corpes floated out from the land,
by  the waves to the seashore of  Chittagong; and
living persons  were born thither across au arm of
the sea, clinging to the roof's or beams of their own
houses, as if upon rafts.    The force of the inunda-
tion appears to have lasted from about midnight to
2 a.m., that is, for two hours ; by daybreak there was
much subsidence of flood, and by noon next day the sur-
vivors had come down from the trees, and regained
terra firma.    But they must have been foodless and
shelterless for the rest of the day, and all the next
day.    After that, however, they began to reassemble,
not at the ruins of their homesteads, which had been
completely carried away, but at the sites and founda-
tions.    They took out their stores of grain buried in
pits; dried those which were wet, the sun having
come out in the cleared sky, and cooked such as were
undamaged.    At every homestead which I visited I
found the people drying their grain.    They also made
frameworks with broken branches, over which they
threw sheets and cloths such as they had about them
at the moment, and so made little tent-like habita-
tions.    Plantain trees abounded, but the fruit was

162
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
ratou i taua rangi tae noa ki tetahi rangi. Muri iho
ka hui ratou ki nga turanga o o ratou whare kua
riroriro na i te wai. Katahi ka tangohia ake a ratou
kai, kaanga nei, i roto i nga rua e tanu ana, ka horahia
atu kia maroke i te ra e whiti ana, ko nga mea maroke
i takaia hei kai ma ratou. I tahuri hoki ratou ki te
tanga whare mo ratou, i hangaia ki te peka rakau,
whakauwhi ai ki te hiti, ki te aha noa atu. He rakau
ano kei reira e kainga ana ona hua e te tangata, engari
kua riro te nuinga o nga hua i te hau raua ko te wai.
Engari i toe ano etahi o nga kokonaiti, ko te mea pea
tena i ora ai ratou. I pirau katoa nga awaawa wha-
kaheke i te wai o taua whenua, pango ana te wai o
aua awa, ki tonu ana i nga mea pirau.
Ko te nuinga o nga taonga i ngaro, he kai he kau.
Engari kotahi te tino taone i riro rawa, he taone
hokohoko ; he nui nga taonga ke atu i ngaro rawa i
reira, me nga pukapuka i tuhia ai nga mahinga me
nga tikanga o taua whenua i riro katoa. I to matou
haeretanga atu ki reira i tika ta matou tima i roto i
tetahi awa iti nei, titiro ana matou kua kapi nga
tahataha i te tupapaku e takotokoto ana i uta, e
maanu haere ana etahi i te ia o te tai kato o te tai
heke.
Ko nga rangatira o taua whenua e mahi tonu ana
ki te whakaora i nga morehu i te mate. Te mea i he
ai ko te kore ara e taea ai te kawe oranga mo ratou.
Otira kei nga rangi katoa, kei nga haora katoa ano
hoki, e tae ana nga apiha Kawanatanga, nga tangata
noa atu, nga karere, nga kai-tiaki, me nga poti uta
kai, ki etahi wahi o taua takiwa nui i paangia e taua
mate, hei kawe oranga ki nga morehu.
KA panuitia atu tenei reta kia kitea e Ngatirau-
kawa :—
Otaki, Aperira 26, 1877.
Ki a te Rata Porena,
Minita mo te taha Maori.
E pa—Tena koe me to hoa me Ta Tanara Makarini.
Kua wehea atu ia i a tatou, waiho iho ko nga oha-
kii; koia tenei ka whakaaturia atu ki a koe :—
Te kupu tuatahi.—Kia whiriwhiria etahi tangata
hei mahi i nga raruraru mo nga whenua o tenei iwi o
Ngatiraukawa; mo nga whenua i konei tae noa ki
nga whenua o raro o te takiwa ki Maungatautari tae
noa ki Patetere.
Kupu tuarua.—Me haere aua tangata ki Patetere
ki reira korero ai.
Inaianei kua tu aua tangata me te Runanga, kua
mahi hoki ratou i nga whenua e raruraru ana. Kua
pai rawa ta ratou mahi whakaotioti i nga raruraru o
tenei iwi, o Ngatiraukawa.
Koia tenei nga tangata ka tuhia o ratou ingoa ki
raro iho nei:—
Matene te Whiwhi,
Hoani Taipua,
Hema te Ao,
Hape te Horohau,
Karamana Whakaheke,
Roera Hukiki,
Hare Wirikake,
Reweti te Kohu,
Manahi Paora,
Henare Taepa,
Hare Hemi Taharape,
me te Runanga katoa.
Ko tenei pukapuka he whakapumautanga i taua
Runanga.    Otira mau hoki e whakatika, e whakahe
ranei; engari me panui e koe tena reta, ki a Ngati-
raukawa katoa.
Na to hoa,
ERF TAHITANGATA.
mostly destroyed. The cocoanuts, however, fre-
quently stood through the storm, and must have
afforded some sustenance. The streamlets which carry
off the accumulated water wera flowing black and
thick with putrid substances.
The wealth lost was almost entirely agricultural—
crops or cattle. To this there is one notable excep-
tion, namely, Dowlutkhan, a rich trading town, clean
destroyed, with miscellaneous property and valuable
records. Approaching the place, we steamed for two
miles through a creek the banks of which were strewn
with human bodies floated up and down by the tide.
The local authorities did all they possibly could,
and some of them did a great deal. The immediate
obstacle was the difficulty of communication. Still,
day by day, sometimes hour after hour, officials, non-
officials, messengers, guards, and supply-boats arrived
at some point or other of the wide and scattered
scenes of the disaster.
The following letter is published for the informa-
tion of the Ngatiraukawa tribe:—
Otaki, April 26, 1877.
To the Hon. Dr. Pollen,
The Minister for Native Affairs.
Friend,—Salutations to you and the memory of your
friend Sir Donald McLean, who has passed away from
us, leaving his injunctions with us, which we make
known to you, as follows:—
Firstly.—That some persons be selected to inves-
tigate the troubles respecting the lands of this tribe
of Ngatiraukawa, of lands extending from this place
to lands north of Maungatautari as far as Patetere.
Secondly.—That the said persons meet at Patetere
and hold their discussions there.
Those people and the Runanga have now been
selected, and have commenced to discuss the position
of the lands about which there is trouble, and they
have so far proceeded skilfully and satisfactorily in
arranging the difficulties among the Ngatiraukawa.
These are the names of the said persons:—
Matene te Whiwhi,
Hoani Taipua,
Hema te Ao,
Hape te Horohau,
Karamana Whakaheke,
Roera Hukiki,
Hare Wirikake,
Reweti te Kohu,
Manahi Paora,
Henare Taepa,
Hare Hemi Taharape,
and all the Runanga.
This letter is in confirmation of that Runanga. It
is, however, for you to approve or disapprove of the
same.
Publish this letter to all Ngatiraukawa.
From your friend,
ERU TAHITANGATA,

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
163
TE WHAWHAI O RUHIA KI TAKE.
HE nui nga korero waea kua puta mai i muri nei mo
te whawhai a Ruhia raua ko Take, engari ko etahi
tupu he puta ke tetahi i tetahi tona ahua. Inahoki,
i tetahi rangi ka tae mai te rongo kua hinga he pare-
kura, kua kaha ko nga hoia o Take; taka rawa ki
tetahi rangi he korero ke, ka mea mai i riro te kaha
i nga hoia o Ruhia. Engari, e kaha tonu ana taua
whawhai, he nui rawa te toa o tetahi o tetahi. He
maha nga parekura kua hinga, he mea nui etahi he
mea noa etahi, a he mano tini kua mate o Take, o
Ruhia ano hoki. Ko nga hoia o Ruhia kei Romeenia
e tae aua ki te rua rau e wha te kau mano ; ko nga
hoia o Take kei te taha ki te raki o nga maunga o
Parakana e tae ana ki te rua rau e rima te kau mano.
E ki ana kua whitu mano nga hoia o Take kua mate
i nga hoia o Manatenekaro. He kainga ahua "iti"
marire e Manatenekaro kei te taha hauauru o Take i
te taha ki luropi. E toru rau nga taone o taua
kainga, he taone iti nei etahi, he whare karakia kei
aua taone katoa, kotahi whare karakia kei te taone
kotahi.
He nui rawa te kaha o te whawhai ki waho mai o
Kaahi, e whakapae tonu ana hoki nga hoia o Ruhia ki
taua taone. E tino hikaka ana te riri a nga hoia o
Take, tana mahi he kokiri tonu ki waho ki te riri ki
nga Ruhiana. He tinitini o ratou hoia kua mate i
taua kainga, mate rawa etahi, tu a kiko etahi. Ki
waenganui o Kaahi o Ahiruma kua te kau ma wha
mano o ratou i riro herehere i nga hoia o Ruhia. Ko
te korero o muri rawa e ki ana kua whiti nga Ruhiana
e toru te kau mano i te awa o te Tanupi—i whiti
•etahi i Karati, ko etahi i whiti i Hitowa. He taone
a Hitowa no Take kei te Tanupi, e 20 maero te mata-
ratanga mai ki te taha tonga o Nikopori. (Tirohia
te mapi.) E rua te kau mano nga tangata e noho
tuturu ana i taua taone. Ki te ahua o te whawhai
inaianei, ko nga Ruhiana kai te kaha, ara e neke
haere ana.
E rima te kau mano tangata kua mate rawa i te
" karera " i Inia—ara he mate kei roto i te puku.
He korero ahuareka tenei no roto i tetahi nupepa
o Kuinirani (Aatareeria) :—" Tera tetahi manu paku
rawa kei tenei wahi o te koroni, kei etahi atu wahi
hoki, tana kai he pi, rango nei. E mohio ana nga pi
ki taua manu he kai patu ia i a ratou, a ka kite kau
atu ratou i a ia e tata mai aua ki to ratou whare
katahi ka tu te puehu i to ratou painga, katahi ka
turituri, ka tukoripi noa iho. I kite matou i tetahi
whawhai whanoke rawa i tera ra. Ara, ko tetahi o
aua mana kua noho ki roto ki te urupuia panana; ka
noho ka rere mai ki te whatitoka o te whare o nga pi
ki te hopu pi mana, ka mau ka hoki ata, he pera tonu
tana mahi. Nawai a, ka whakatakariri taua iwi pi.
Katahi ka karangatia he runanga ma ratou, a oti ana
te kupu kia whawhaitia taua manu, kia tahuti ia, kia
mate ranei ko ratou. Katahi ka takoto te matua a
nga pi, ka rere ki te urupuia panana, ko to ratou toa
tangata ki mua tonu. Te huakanga i te tuatahi, he
mea noa ki te manu ra. Ka patupatua e ia etahi ka
mate, no te kitenga kihai i whati te nuinga katahi ka
tau te wehi ki a ia. Muimui ana tera ki ona waewae,
ki runga ki tona upoko hoki. Katahi ia ka kawea e
te puku whakatakariri, ka mahi ki te timotimo i nga
pi, kua rongo hoki ki te mamae i o ratou hoari e
werowero ana i a ia. Nawai a, ka tuwhera ona pari-
rau ka rere atu ngaro atu ana, rere whakauaua ana i
te nui o te pi e tamuimui ana ki runga ki a ia. I
tona rerenga atu i kapi katoa tona tinana i te pi, e
kore ano e ora. Tu ana te puehu i roto i nga pi i
mahue i te kainga, tukoripi ana, tumanako ana ki
karere kawe korero mai ki a ratou o te whawhai."
RUSSO-TURKISH WAR.
SINCE our last issue a great number of telegrams have
been received respecting the war between Russia and
Turkey, many of which, however, are contradictory.
We are told one day that a victory has been gained
by the Turks, and the next we are "informed that the
Russians were victorious. The war, however, is being
carried on with great energy and determination on
both sides. A series of actions have been fought, of
more or less magnitude, and many thousands have
been slain, both of the Turks and Russians. The
Russian forces in Roumania are estimated at 240,000
men, and the Turkish force north of the Balkan
mountains is stated at 250,000. The Montenegrins,
we are informed have killed 7,000 Turks. Monte-
negro is a small district on the western frontier of
European Turkey. It contains about 300 villages,
and every village has its church.
Desperate fighting is going on outside Kars, which
the Russians are still besieging. The Turks fight
fiercely, and make frequent sorties against the
Russians. At this place they have suffered enormous
losses in killed and wounded; and between Kars and
Erzeroum the Russians captured 14,000 of them.
The latest news is that 30,000 Russians have crossed
the Danube at Galatz, and at Sistova, a Turkish town
on the Danube 20 miles S.E. from Nikopoli. (See
map.) It has a population of about 20,000. On the
whole, the Russians appear to be gaining ground.
Fifty thousand deaths have occurred from cholera
in India.
The following curious incident is related by the
Maryborough Chronicle (Queensland) :—" There is a
small bird in this district, as in other parts of the
colony, which lives, if not wholly, in a great measure,
upon bees.    The insects know their enemy, and his
appearance in the vicinity of the hive produces an
evident panic throughout the community.    We wit-
nessed a novel fight the other day.    One of these
birds had taken up a position in a banana  grove,
from whence he issued occasionally.    Flying swiftly
past the door of the hive, he would each time secure
a bee.    At last, bee nature could stand the insults
no longer.    A council of war was held, and it was
determined to attack  the  enemy and put  him to
flight, or perish in the attempt.    We presume this,
because a swarm of bees gathered, and, evidently led
by some public general, made for the banana grove.
The bird at first made light of the attack.    He play-
fully annihilated a half-dozen or so of his enemies,
but he found, no doubt to his dismay, that the other
members of the host were in no way discouraged.
They settled on his legs and head, and the excited
manner in which he pecked them off showed that he
felt the effects of their tiny spears.    Then he opened
his wings, and with no little difficulty flew out of
sight.     When   he   disappeared,   however,  he   was
literally covered with bees, and we have no doubt
but that his career thenceforth would be an exceed-
ingly  short one.     Meanwhile,   the bees  who  had
remained at home seemed in an unusually excited
state, as  if they thoroughly enjoyed the  bulletins
they received every minute from the seat of war."

164
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
KOMITI MO NGA TIKANGA MAORI.       
KO TE KUPU A TE KOMITI MO RUNGA I TE PUKA-
PUKA-INOI A MEIHA KEPA TE RANGIHIWINUI.
E KI ana te kai-inoi i uru te iwi Ngarauru ki te mau
patu ki a te Kuini, a whiua ana ratou i runga i te
tangohanga o o ratou whenua, otiia he tangata piri
pono tonu te kai-inoi ratou ko tona iwi ki a te Kuini,
a e whai tikanga ana ratou ki aua whenua i tangohia ra.
E ki ana hoki te kai-inoi i whakataua ki a ia tetahi
whenua i te takiwa o Waitotara, e 400 eka, hei
whakaea i aua tikanga, engari no muri iho ka kitea
tua oti taua whenua te riihi ki tetahi Pakeha ko
Vincent te ingoa, a no reira ka tupu ake nga raruraru
kua oti te whakaatu i roto i te pukapuka-inoi.
E ki ana te kai-inoi i whakaae ia ki tetahi tikanga
e whakaarohia ai he kai reti ia ki a Vincent, a kua
tono ki a ia nga kai-whakahaere a Vincent kua mate
nei kia tuhi ia i tona ingoa ki te pukapuka riihi
engari i te mea e whakaae ana ano ia ki te whakaoti
i te whakariteritenga e mahara ana ia me matua
whakaputa te Karauna karaati ki a ia.
Kua whakahaua ahau kia ki penei atu ki te
Whare:—E pouri ana te Komiti notemea kahore
ratou i whai taima ki te uiui i nga tikanga e taea ai e
ratou te whakaputa i tetahi whakaaro ma ratou mo
runga i nga kupu o tenei pukapuka-inoi.
JOHN BRYCE,
Oketopa 25, 1876.Tumuaki.
KO   TE KUPU A TE KOMITI MO RUNGA I TE
PUKAPUKA-INOI (NAMA 5) A HIRINI TAI-
WHANGA ME ONA HOA E 2.
E KI ana nga kai-inoi kahore i ata whiriwhiria te puka-
puka-inoi a Ngapuhi i tukua ki te Paremete i te tau
1874, he whakahe mo te whakakorenga o " Te Ture
Whenua Maori, 1865," e ki ana ratou kahore nei i
kitea tetahi mate iti nei o tenei Ture i roto i nga tau e
waru i mahia ai—ko nga Maori kuare anake o Nepia.
E ki ana ratou (nga Kai-inoi) kua kino te whaka-
haere o te Ture Whenua Maori 1873, kua pa he mate
ki nga tangata, kua pau nga moni o te katoa. E inoi
ana ratou kia whakakorea atu te Ture o te tau 1873,
a e whakaaro ana ratou ki te waiho tonu taua Ture
kia whai maua ana mo tetahi atu tau ka mate nga
tangata.
Kua whakahaua ahau kia ki penei atu ki te
Whare:—E pouri ana te Komiti notemea kahore
ratou i whai taima ki te uiui i nga tikanga e taea ai e
ratou te whakaputa i tetahi whakaaro ma ratou mo
runga i nga kupu o tenei pukapuka-inoi.
JOHN BRYCE,
Oketopa 25, 1876.Tumuaki.
KO TE KUPU A TE KOMITI MO HUNGA I TE PUKA-
PUKA-INOI A HONE TE AWA ME ONA HOA 15.
E KI ana nga kai-inoi kua tinihangatia ratou i to
ratou whenua e tata ana ki Tokerau, inahoki i
whakaae ratou i runga i te tono kia whakaurua ko te
ingoa o tetahi tangata, o Parore, anake ki roto ki te
Karaati. E ki ana ratou i te hokonga o te whenua i te
utunga o nga moni kahore ratou i whiwhi ki tetahi
kapa kia kotahi o te moni utu, a i ta ratou tononga ki
te Kooti Whakawa Whenua Maori kia whakawakia
tuaruatia ano taua whenua kihai i whakaaetia. E
tono ana ratou kia utua ki a ratou £1,000 o roto o
te moni utu, kia whakahokia ranei ki a ratou 12,000
eka o te whenua.
Kua whakahaua ahau kia ki penei atu ki te
Whare:—E pouri ana te Komiti notemea kahore
ratou i whai taima ki te uiui i nga tikanga e taea ai e
ratou te whakaputu i tetahi whakaaro ma ratou mo
runga i nga kupu o tenei pukapuka-inoi.
JOHN BRYCE,
Oketopa 25, 1876.Tumuaki.
NATIVE AFFAIRS COMMITTEE.
REPORT ON PETITION OF MEIHA KEPA TE
RANGIHIWINUI.
THE petitioner states that the Ngarauru tribe, having
been in rebellion, was punished by the confiscation of
their lands; but that the petitioner and his tribe,
who have always been loyal, have claims upon the
land so confiscated.
The petitioner further alleges that an award of
400 acres of land in the Waitotara District was made
to him in satisfaction of such claims, but that it was
afterwards discovered that the land had been leased
to a Mr. Vincent; and that complications, recited in
the petition, arose therefrom.
The petitioner states that he agreed to an arrange-
ment whereby Vincent was to be regarded as his
tenant, and that he has been called on by the
executors of the late Mr. Vincent to execute a
lease, but, while willing to carry out the arrange-
ment made, thinks that a Crown grant should first
be issued to him.
I am directed to report as follows:—The Com-
mittee regret that the time at their disposal has not
been sufficient to enable them to make such inquiries
as would justify them in reporting an opinion on the
subject-matter of this petition.
JOHN BRYCE,
25th October, 1876.Chairman.
REPORT   ON   PETITION   (No.   5)    OF   HIRINI  TAI-
WHANGA AND 2 OTHERS.
THE petitioners complain that due attention was not
given to a petition of the Ngapuhi tribe, sent to
Parliament in 1S74. against the repeal of "The
Native Lauds Act, 1865," against which they allege
no fault was found during the eight years of its
existence, except in the case of the foolish Maoris of
Napier.
They state that the Native Act of 1873 has worked
badly, causing distress to the people and wasting the
public money. They pray for the repeal of the Act
of 1873, and think that if it is continued in opera-
tion for another year the people will die.
I am directed to report as follows :—The Com-
mittee regret that the time at their disposal has not
been sufficient to enable them to make such inquiries
as would justify them in reporting an opinion on the
subject-rnatter of this petition.
JOHN BRYCE.
25th October, 1876.Chairman.
REPORT  ON   PETITION   OF   HONE  TE  AWA AND
15 OTHERS.
PETITIONERS state that they have been done out of
their land situated near the Bay of Islands, inasmuch
as they were induced to allow the name of one Parore
to be the sole name in the grant. They allege that
when the land was sold and the price paid, they did
not receive a single copper of the price, and that
when they applied for a rehearing of their case before
the Native Lands Court, the application was refused.
They pray that £1,000 of the price should be paid to
them, or that 12,000 acres should be restored.
I am directed to report as follows:—The Com-
mittee regret that the time at their disposal has not
been sufficient to enable them to make such inquiries
as would justify them in reporting an opinion on the
subject-matter of this petition.
JOHN BRYCE,
25th October, 1876.Chairman.

TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
165
PANUITANGA.
KA mahue tenei e HEMI, tamaiti o MITITI, tona toa
tawhito i te kokonga o Wikiteti Tiriti me te tahataha
e huaina ana ko Taupo Ki, a e whakawhetai atu ana
ia ki nga Maori o Whanganui, me nga takiwa katoa e
tata ana ki taua kainga, mo to ratou manaakitanga i
a ia i roto i nga tau te 15 i mahi ai ia i tona mahi
hokohoko ; ae tono ana a ia kia pera tonu ta ratou
mahi manaaki i a ia i tona toa hou i te taha ki raro o
te hiwi o Pukenamu. Kei reira nga paraikete pai,
nga raka, nga hoora, me nga aha noa atu.
Whanganui, Hune 6, 1877.
HE WHARANGI TUWHERA.
Ko nga Pakeha matau ki te Reo Maori e tuhi mai ana ki
tenei nupepa me tuhi mai a ratou reta ki nga reo e rua—te reo
Maori me te reo Pakeha ano.
Ki a te Kai Tuhi o te Waka Maori.
Ohinemutu, 31 o Mei, 1877.
E HOA,—Tena koe. Whakahaerea atu e koe nga
korero o te hui ki Ohinemutu nei, Rotorua, kia kite
o taua hoa e noho nei i nga pito e wha o to tatou
motu, Maori, Pakeha.
I te 23 o nga ra o te marama nei, i te 9 o nga haora
o te ata, ka noho taua hui ki roto i a Tamatekapua.
ERUETI HEMARA, Kai-whakawa tuturu: " Ko te
take i karangatia ai koutou kia hui mai i tenei ra, he
maioha he poroporoaki iho naku ki a koutou.    Te
iwi, kua mutu taku mahi whakawa i tenei ra.    Kua
tae mai te kupu a to tatou matua, a te Kawanatanga
kia mutu.    Na, ko tenei, hai konei koutou.    E tata
aua oku tau ki te whitu e whakahaere ana i te pai ki
to koutou takiwa, a kua takoto nei i te pai, i te aio
Na, ko tenei e haere marama ana ahau, noho  ana
koutou i te aio.    Ko tenei, e te iwi, i muri i au ne
kia pai; kia kaha te hapai i nga tikanga o te ture
Ki te tupu te kino i nga taitamariki, ma nga kauma-
tua e whakangawari; a, mehemea na nga kaumatua
te kino, kia mahara ki te kupu nei, kia pai kia ata
noho i muri i au nei.   Ko tenei, e te iwi, hai konei ra
koutou."
TE TUPARA TOKOAITUA: "Ka pai, e to matou
matua, ka whakaatu koe i to mutunga, me tou ho-
kinga ki tou whenua ki Nepia. Ko tenei e pa, haere
i runga i te pai." (Whakahuatia atu te waiata tangi.)
PIRIMI MATAIAWHEA : " Haere ra e to matou ma-
tua. Haere atu, i te mea kua waiho pai iho matou i
runga i te rangimarie. Kati ra o kupu e ki nei nau i
pehi nga kino o tenei wahi, a e noho nei matou i te pai."
ROTOHIKO HAUPAPA : " Haere atu ra, e to matou
matua. Haere pai atu i runga i to iwi, a waiho iho
o kupu whakatupato ki a matou. Ka pai, ko ahau
kai roto i tena kupu; e kore au e pai kia tupu ake te
kino ki tenei takiwa."
R. WHITITERA TE WAIATUA : " Haere e pa. Haere
atu ra, te mutunga o nga ki a o matou matua i runga
o Kohimarama. He mea tango ratou e te Kai-hanga
ki tera ao atu ; na, he mea tango koe i tenei ra, e to
tatou matua, ki Nepia. E ki ana e tuturu koe, mo
runga i ta ratou oha-ki, ki Rotorua. Haere, i te mea
ka takoto te moana i te aio. Haere i runga i te
rangimarie, i te aroha, me te atawhai. Haere i runga
i nga kanohi o to matou Kuini atawhai." (Whaka-
huatia atu te waiata, tino kinga o taua hui.)
Heoi, i pera tonu te ahua o te korero a etahi atu
tangata. I rere tonu te roimata o etahi tangata, he
tangi tonu.Na to hoa, na
TAWHIRIMATEA.
ADVERTISEMENT.
JAMES L. STEVENSON, in removing from his old
premises, corner of Taupo Quay and Wickstead
Street, wishes to thank the Natives of Whanganui
and surrounding districts for their support accorded
to him during the fifteen years he has been in
business, and hopes that the same liberal support
may be extended to him at his new store, corner of
Wickstead and Ridgway Streets, where a good
assortment of blankets, rugs, shawls, &c., &c., will
till be found.
Whanganui, June 6, 1877.
OPEN COLUMN.
European correspondents who have a knowledge of Maori
are requested to be good enough to forward their communi-
cations in both languages.
To the Editor of the Waka Maori.
Ohinemutu, May 31st, 1877.
FRIEND,—Greeting.    Will you be so good as to
publish the following report of a meeting held here
at Ohinemutu, Rotorua, that the Maoris and Pake-
has in all parts of the island may see it.
On the 23rd of this month, at 9 a.m., the meeting
in question was held in the house called Tamate-
kapua. The first speaker was
EDWARD HAMLIN, Esq., R.M.—He said:—"You
have been called together this day in order to give
me an opportunity of speaking words of love and
farewell to you all.    I am about to retire from the
position of Magistrate, which I have heretofore held
among you.     1 have this  day received intimation
from our parent the Government that my services
here must cease; therefore I bid you all farewell.
For a period now of  nearly seven years I have
laboured among you, and striven to maintain peace
and integrity in your district; and peace and tran-
quility now  prevail.     In leaving  you I have the
satisfaction or knowing that I leave you in a state
of peace and tranquility.    When I am gone, con-
tinue   to   live   in   peace   and   harmony,    and   be
energetic in  upholding the law.     If any of  the
young men create troubles, let the  old men  ap-
pease and calm them; but if evil arise among the
older men, let them remember the advice I have
given them, namely, to live in peace and harmony
after I am gone.    I now bid you all farewell."
TE TUPAEA TOKOAITUA : " It is well, O our parent,
that you have informed us of the cessation of your
duties here, and that you are about to return to your
home at Napier. Go in peace." (Song of regret.)
PIRIMI MATAIAWHEA : " Go hence, our parent, as
you leave us abiding in peace and harmony. As you
have said, you suppressed the evil of this district,
and we live in peace."
ROTOHIKO HAUPAPA : " Go hence, our parent. Go
from your people in peace, leaving behind you your
words of caution and advice. I approve of your words;
I do not want trouble to arise in this district."
R. WHITITERA TE WAIATUA : " Go hence, friend.
Go thou, the personification and realization of the
words of our aged men at Kohimarama. The Crea-
tor has taken them to the other world ; and now you
too are being taken away by our parent (the Go-
vernment) to Napier. We had hoped you, in fulfil-
ment of the last words of those old men, would have
remained permanently at Rotorua. But go, as the
ocean is now cairn. Go in peace, and love, and kind-
ness. Go in the name of our Gracious Queen."
(Song by all present.)
Several others spoke to the same effect, and many
of those present shed tears of sorrow.
From your friend,
TAWHIRIMATEA.

166
TE WAKA MAORI O NIU TIRANI.
Ei a te Kai Tuhi o te Waka Maori.
Whanganui, Mei 21st, 1877.
E HOA,—Tena koe, koutou ko nga reo Maori o te Tari
Maori. Tena koutou, nga hoa o te Makarini i te wa
e ora ana ia. He nui ano toku pouri mo tona
wehenga atu i a tatou i roto i enei takiwa. E. taea te
aha, ta te mate i tango ai ? Otira kua oti ano te
whakarite e te Karaipiture ko te tinana o te tangata
he paru, a e hoki ano hei paru.
Ki a Takurahi Makarini.—E hoa, tena koe, nga
kanohi o tou matua kua ngaro atu i a tatou, te
tangata nana i ata whakahaere te pai ki tenei motu;
koia i tau ai te rangimarietanga ki nga iwi e rua
o tenei motu, me te whakaputanga hoki i nga mema
Maori ki te Paremete. Heoi aku kupu mihi ki to
tatou hoa. Me tuku e koe aku kupu ki te Waka
Maori.
Na APERAHAMA TAHUNUIARANGI.
Ki a te Kai Tuhi o te Waka Maori,
Tarawera, Taupo, Mei 29th, 1877.
E HOA,—Tena koe. Mau e tuku taku reta ki te
Waka Maori, kia kite nga iwi katoa o te motu. E
hoa ma, tena ra koutou. Ka nui toku miharo ki te
pai o te ao, kaore nei he raruraru kia rangona i enei
ra. Ka pai tenei. E hoa ma, kia pai tonu te noho ;
inoi atu ki te pai; kia mahara; kia pono. Kaua e
tukua te kino ki roto ki te pai. Ka kite koutou i te
kino, me pana ki waho ; no te mea ko te ture te kai-
titiro o te pai o te kino. Kia pai te whakahaere i
tou iwi, e ia rangatira e ia rangatira, na te mea ko
koutou nga kai-hapai i te ture ; ma te rangatira hoki
ka tika te hapu. I kite au i tetahi tangata i taka
ki te kino ; wahi iti ka mate whakarere atu tona
tinana. I taka hoki taua tangata i te pari teitei, te
kau iari te teitei. Mehemea kaore he tangata kua
mate taua tangata. I te aha ? I te kawenga a te
kino, a te tutu, a te haurangi, a te hianga. Koia nei
au i mea ai, kia mau ki te pai.
Na MEI TE KATA AHIKAWERA.
Ki a te Kai Tuhi o te Waka Maori.
Wairoa, 1st Hune, 1877.
E HOA,—Tukua atu kia rongo o matou hoa i te motu
ki te hui i tu ki te Waihirere, Wairoa, i te 1 o Hune,
1877. Nga tangata i tae mai ki taua hui, e wha rau,
a Ngatikahungunu.
Ko nga take tenei o taua hui. He oha ki na o
matou rangatira kua mate atu, na Pitiera Kopu, na
Paora te Apatu, na Ihaka Whanga, kia mau tonu ki
te Whakapono ki te Atua nui, kia piri tonu ki a te
Kuini me ona ture,
2. Ko tetahi tangata no Ngatiraukawa i haere mai
ki to matou whenua whakatu ai i te karakia o te
Kooti; kua puta te kupu a te hui ki taua tangata,
" me haere koe ki tou iwi ki tou whenua karakia ai
kia whai mana ai." Kua peia atu taua tangata e
matou.
3. Ko tenei kai, ko te waipiro, me mutu rawa atu.
Tera te Pakeha, ko Tamati H. Hapata tona ingoa,
e noho ana ki Hoterani Tiriti, Akarana, he tangata
ia e hanga ana i te paraihe tahi whare nei, horoi
whare. He tangata hoko ia i te huruhuru hoiho ki te
moni ; hei te huruhuru kaki, me te huruhuru
whiore, me nga huruhuru herunga o te kaki. Te utu
mo ena katoa kotahi herengi e rua pene mo te pauna
kotahi. He huruhuru poaka tetahi, o te porokaki
nei, kaua e poto iho i te 3 inihi te roroa, ka homai e
ia mo te pauna e 2s. ina kawea atu ki Akarana. Na,
he mahi tenei e kite ai nga hoa Maori i tetahi oranga
mo ratou.
4. Ko te haere a nga tangata o tenei Kaute, o te
Wairoa, ki a te Kooti ki Waikato, me mutu rawa
atu.
5. Kaua nga tangata o etahi iwi o te motu nei e
haere mai ki to matou takiwa whakatu karakia poauau,
penei me enei tu karakia Hau-Hau kua taha ake nei.
Me etahi tu o te karakia a te Maori kaua rawa e tae
mai ki to matou takiwa; ki te tohe mai, ka tapahia
nga tu tangata porangi.
6. Ki te hiahia enei iwi, kia tu he Kurutemepara
ki to matou takiwa a enei takiwa e haere ake nei.
7. Ko te Kawanatanga hei awhina i a matou me o
matou tikanga i whakaaro ai.
8. Ko to matou hiahia, ko te Kura kia mau tonu
mo a matou tamariki.
Na ARETA APATU, KEREI te
OTATU, HEREMIA, te POPO, TAMI-
HANA   HUATA, me   te   tokomaha
atu.
Ki a te Kai Tuhi o te Waka Maori.
Maketu, 18 Hune, 1877.
E hoa ma, tena koutou kei te aukaha i to tatou
Waka i wahia nei e te Paremete kua hori ake nei.
Ko te kore hoki haore matou e hoatu moni mo te
Waka Maori, koia te take i wahia ai kia kore ai e puta
mai nga korero katoa o te ao ki a matou, e ai ki taku
mohio. A, i te maia ano o nga iwi Maori o te motu
nei ki te whakahau atu ki te Kawanatanga kia auka-
hatia, ora ana te ngakau; he ana te manawa o nga
Maori o te motu nei, me te mea ka puta ake i roto i
te moana hohonu te ahua ora ake o nga iwi Maori
mo te aukahatanga hou o to tatou waka taua. He
whakatauki hoki na o matou nei tupuna,—"Waiho
kia pakaru aua, he pakaru waka taua." Ahakoa
titiro atu kua horo nga rauawa kei raro, me
nga taka,me nga taumanu, me nga taitua, kino
rawa atu ki ta te kuare titiro atu, kua kara-
ngatia, " E, he taua," kua oti te haumi, kua piri
te kakariki o te niao, kua eke nga oa, kua piri te whara
kua piri te taka, kua ngahua te taumanu, kua auka-
hatia kua oti, purupuru ana ki te tahuna, e puhi ana
ki te kereru te ihu te noko, tatai rawa ki te toroa
paikare. I kino ra hoki i tona pakarutanga, a oti
rawa ake nei i te aukahatanga hou, me te mea ano ko
tona otinga tuatahi. Koia te take o tena whakatauki,
—"Waiho kia pakaru ana, he pakaru waka taua."
Koia ra tena kua ora mai na to tatou kopapa hei
utauta mai i nga taonga o nga motu nunui o te ao ;
koia tenei e kite iho nei i nga whawhai, i nga kaipuke
tahuri, i nga ngaru nunui e whakangaro ana i nga
taone o etahi o nga motu o te ao. Koia hoki ahau e
hari atu nei toku wairua ki to tatou waka kua rewa
na kei te moana nui a Kiwa e hoehoe ana. Titiro atu
ana ahau i konei ki to tatou waka ki te pai—ko wai
ka piri ? Hei aha tena te Wananga i to tatou kopapa
ka oti hei whakarongo korero ma tatou o nga motu o
te ao katoa.
Na MATENE te HUAKI.
THOMAS H. HARBUTT, wholesale brush manufac-
turer, Shortland Street, Auckland, is a cash buyer of
horse hair—manes, and tails, or the combings of same
at 1s. 2d. per pound, delivered in Auckland. He is
also a purchaser of hog's bristles, not less than three
inches long, at 2s. per pound, delivered in Auckland.
Here is an industry in which our Maori friends might
engage with advantage to themselves.
Printed under the authority of the New Zealand Government by GEORGE DIDSBURY, Government Printer, Wellington.